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Biology > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene definition

A

A section of DNA which codes for a specific protein

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2
Q

Homozygous definition

A

Two alleles for a characteristic are the same

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3
Q

Dominant definition

A

Only one copy is needed of this allele to be expressed in the phenotype

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4
Q

Haploid definition

A

Half the number of chromosomes, 23, sex cells

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5
Q

Heterozygous definition

A

Two alleles for a characteristic are different

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6
Q

Co-dominant definition

A

When two different alleles are both expressed in the phenotype

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7
Q

Recessive definition

A

Two copies of this allele are needed to be expressed in the phenotype

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8
Q

Phenotype definition

A

Physical expression of the gene

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9
Q

Chromosome definition

A

Made of DNA, containing thousands of genes

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10
Q

Diploid definition

A

Chromosome number in normal body cell, 46

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11
Q

Allele definition

A

A specific version of a gene

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12
Q

Homologous definition

A

Pair of chromosomes with the same sequence of genes

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13
Q

Genotype definition

A

Describes the alleles for a specific characteristic

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14
Q

Where are chromosomes found

A

In the nucleus, on which genes are located

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15
Q

What is a nucleotide made of

A
  • phosphate
  • sugar (deoxyribose)
  • organic base
  • covalent bonds

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

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16
Q

Facts about double helix

A
  • anti-parallel to each other

- fixed together by hydrogen bonds

17
Q

What is mitosis used for

A
  • to repair
  • growth
  • cloning
  • asexual reproduction
18
Q

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis:

  • starts off with 46 chromosomes
  • finishes off with two identical cells

Meiosis:

  • starts off with 46 chromosomes
  • divides twice
  • finishes with only 23 chromosomes
  • produces 4 daughter cells
  • all genetically different haploid gametes
19
Q

Who is responsible for determining the sex

A

Dad

20
Q

Suggest other information the doctor could use to decide if someone has…

A

Look at a combination of symptoms analyse DNA

look at family history

21
Q

Explain how examining a family pedigree you would be able to tell if a condition was caused by a recessive allele

A

If both parents were unaffected but their offspring was affected. This shows that both parents had a recessive allele is but did not possess the disease so they are carriers.

22
Q

What is a monohybrid cross

A

It is when all of the offspring have the allele Aa, so one parent is AA and the other is aa

Biology (16 decks)

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