Diet nutrients Flashcards
Fats
- stores energy in the body
* insulation/organ protection
Carbohydrates
- primary energy source
* made of simple sugars eg glucose
Protein in meat
- growth and repair
- amino acids
- deficiency disease: kwashiorkor - swollen belly, muscle wastage
Vitamin A in liver
- good sight and vision
* deficiency disease: night blindness/ damaged cornea of the eye
Vitamin C fresh fruit
- for tissue repair (healthy skin and gums)
* deficiency disease: scurvy - bleeding, spongy gums. Internal bleeding, pale, tired
Mineral ions eg Iron in spinach
- healthy red blood cells
- for haemoglobin in blood
- deficiency disease: anaemia - tired lack of energy
Mineral ions eg calcium in dairy
- for healthy bones and teeth
* deficiency disease: rickets in young/osteoporosis in elderly - weak bones
Water
• dissolve substances for chemical reactions/temperature regulation
Fibre
- prevents constipation
* helps peristalsis
Vitamin D in fish liver oil
- bone growth
* deficiency disease: rickets- weak bones
Chemical elements in Lipids/carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
CHO
Chemical elements in proteins
Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur
HONCS
Nitrates
For growth
- stunted
- yellow older leaves
Phosphates
Making DNA and cell membranes
- needed for respiration and growth
Potassium
For enzymes needed for photosynthesis/respiration
- poor flower and fruit production, discoloured leaves
