ecology and environment Flashcards
population
a group of individuals all of one species in a location
Community
all the organisms within an ecosystem
Habitat
where individual species live with specific physical characteristics
ecosystems
the interactions of all the organisms living within an area and the environment around them including physical factors that affect organisms e.g. rainfall, food, space….
how to estimate population size
- use quadrant
- make a grid and use a random number generator to get co-ordinates of where to place the quadrant..
name of the levels of a food chain
1 = trophic level 1, producer 2 = trophic level 2, primary consumer, herbivore 3 = trophic level 3, secondary consumer, carnivore 4 = trophic level 4, tertiary consumer, predator
what do pyramids of number show
population
what do pyramids of biomass show
the mass of living material, dry out organism: put in oven at low heat
what do pyramids of energy show
the transfer of energy from on trophic level to another
what happens to the energy not passed on through the food chains
Movement, Faeces, Respiration, Urine, Heat, Uneaten food, Death (most frisky rhinos usually have uncontrollable desires)
what happens to the energy in producers
Photosynthesis, reflection, transmission, incorrect wave length of solar energy from the sun, respiration.
what do fertiliser do and what is in them
- they increase crop yield
- nitrogen (nitrate ions) for amino acids to make proteins for growth
- Magnesium ions for chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- Phosphorus to help plants convert other nutrients into usable building blocks for growth.
why is pest control needed
population is increasing so more crops are needed therefore more land is being cleared causing deforestation so we now need to optimise the crop yield so we don’t wasn’t money.
what is biological control and the advantages and disadvantages
It involves the use of another organism which kills the pest (Parasite/predator) -advantages: specific to pests. pests can't develop resistance. single application.
-disadvantages
pest never completely dies.
predator could become pest
can affect other animals.
what is chemical control and the advantages and disadvantages
they are pesticides
-advantages
act quick.
effective.
-disadvantages
kill other things.
pest can develop resistance.
expensive to keep up.
