Information Processing. Flashcards
Whiting's Model.
Define Information Processing.
The way we process and interpret information from the enviroment and use it to create movement.
Order the stages of Information Procssing.
- Input.
- Decision-Making.
- Output.
- Feedback.
Define Input.
Information that is picked up by the senses.
Explain the Input Stage.
- Performer uses their sense to pick up information from the display.
- Receptor system / 5 main senses are used to collect info.
External Senses : sight and hearing.
Internal Senses : touch, balance, kinesthesis.
Which Receptor Organ’s collect Information for the Senses [External and Internal]
External:
- Sight - Eyes.
- Auditory - Ears.
Internal:
- Touch - Skin.
- Balance - Inner Ear.
- Kinesthesis - Golgi Tendon Organs.
Define Decision-Making.
Gathered information is used to make a motor programme.
Explain the Decision-Making Stage.
- Using recieved information from the 5 senses to make a decision.
- Important information must be selected to make a quick and effective plan.
- Perception might be used to determine important information.
Define Selective Attention.
Filtering relevent information from the irrelevant information.
Explain how Selective Attention can be Developed.
- Overlearning skills to become automatic.
- Focus on important and relevant stimuli.
- Increase intensity of stimuli.
- Practise with distractions.
- Improve motivation / Positive reinforcement.
- Mental practise - know what’s coming next.
List the Benefits of Selective Attention.
- Improve reaction time.
- Can begin movement quicker [response time]
- Focusing on relevant stimuli improves chancs of making correct decision.
Define Output.
Completion of motor programme.
Movement.
What does a Good Playmaker do?
- Looks at the Environment [Team Mates, Opposition, Direction of Play]
- Decides the best option available to them.
- Plays that option.
What Year was Whiting’s Model?
1969
Define the Environment.
Contains all information required to perform the skill/action, both outside and inside the athlete. Contains display.
Define the Display.
The sporting sensory information surrounding the performer e.g. teammates, opponents, ball.
Define Receptor Systems / Sensory Organs.
The organs by which we receive this sensory information e.g. auditory from ears, visual from eyes, proprioceptive information [position of the body]
Order Whiting’s Information Processing Model.
Input.
Perceptual Mechanisms.
Transitory Mechanisms.
Effector Mechanisms.
Output.
Feedback.
Explain the Input Stage.
Comes from Receptor Systems.
Senses pick up Information from the Display.
What are the Central Mechanisms?
Perceptual Mechanisms.
Transitory Mechanisms.
Effector Mechanisms.
Explain the Perceptual Mechanisms.
Selective Attention Occurs.
Filters out information being received by the Receptor Systems.
DCR Process takes place and a Decision is made.
What is the DCR Process?
Detection of Information.
Comparison with Memory.
Recognition of Response.
Explain the Translatory Mechanisms.
Decisions made in our Perceptual Mechanisms are converted to motor programs.
Commands are formed.
Explain the Effector Mechanisms.
Neural impulse stimulates muscles [has an effect] via CNS.
Explain the Output Stage.
Movement is produced.
What happens after the Movement is Produced?
Feedback on the Movement.
Can br Intrinsic or Extrinsic.
