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Nutrition and Digestion > Inflammatory Disorders of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Inflammatory Disorders of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is metaplasia and give example in GI tract

A

change from one differentiated cell type to another
Barrett’s

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2
Q

what system is used to classify gastritis

A

the sydney system

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3
Q

dermatitis herpatiformis is associated with what disease

A

coeliac

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4
Q

chronic and acute gastritis is often caused by what

A

h.pylori

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5
Q

what are you at increased risk of if coeliac disease is not diagnosed and treated

A

cancer

(small bowel adenoma
enteropathy associated t-cell lymphoma)

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6
Q

histological features of coeliac disease

A

villous atrophy
chronic inflammation
increased CD8+ T-lymphocytes in epithelium
epithelial damage
crypt hyperplasia

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7
Q

what infection can cause pseudomembranous colitis

A

c.difficile

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8
Q

causes of IBD

A

infection?
genetics
loss of tolerance to commensal bacteria
smoking - crohn’s
food antigens

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9
Q

where should you biopsy in IBD

A

multiple sites - helps to distinguish Crohn’s from UC

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10
Q

how does UC typically present

A

with recurrent episodes of rectal bleeding

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11
Q

which age does UC present in typicallt

A

15-25

smaller peak at 60-70

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12
Q

what layers of the mucosa are inflamed in UC

A

usually confined to mucosa unless severe

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13
Q

what part of the GI tract is affected in UC

A

rectum and left colon most commonly but can be whole colon

affected in continuous distribution
except sometimes discontinuous involvement of caecum and appendix

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14
Q

what is a pseudopolyp

A

where ulceration has occurred on both sides so what is left looks like a growth but isn’t

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15
Q

is there usually a gradual or sharp change from normal and diseased colon in UC

A

sharp

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16
Q

how does chronic UC affect the mucosa

A

leads to irregular, shortened crypts and increased inflammatory cells in mucosa

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17
Q

what age is Crohn’s disease present in typically

A

20-30

smaller peak at 60-70

18
Q

how does Crohn’s present

A

depends on part of GI tract affected

e.g. diarrhoea, weight loss, strictures and obstruction, fistulae

19
Q

what layers of the GI wall does Crohn’s affect and what is this type of inflammation called

A

full thickness
(transmural inflammation)

20
Q

describe distribution of Crohn’s

A

patchy and discontinuous
skip lesions

21
Q

what part of GI tract involvement is more common in children

A

upper

22
Q

what are most common sites of involvement in crohn’s

A

anus
small intestine and colon

23
Q

what is seen in 70% of Crohn’s cases

A

granulomas

24
Q

is subacute intestinal absorption seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

Crohn’s

25
Q

are fistulae seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

Crohn’s

26
Q

is toxic dilatation seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

both

27
Q

is perforation seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

both

28
Q

is malabsorption seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

Crohn’s

29
Q

is haemorrhage seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

both

30
Q

is amyloidosis seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

both

31
Q

is neoplasia seen in UC or Crohn’s or both

A

both

32
Q

what is amyloidosis

A

protein plaques deposited

33
Q

why might a patchy distribution be seen in UC

A

due to treatment and different parts responding at different rates

34
Q

how does microscopic colitis usually present

A

chronic watery diarrhoea

35
Q

how does microscopic collitis appear on endoscopy

A

notmal

36
Q

what is seen in histology of microscopic colitis

A

increase in chronic inflammatory cells in lamina propria

37
Q

what are the two types of microscopic colitis

A

lymphocytic colitis
collagenous colitis

38
Q

what type of microscopic colitis is associated with coeliac disease

A

lymphocytic

39
Q

treatment of microscopic collitis

A

steroids
(removal of cause if known)

40
Q

what drugs can cause microscopic colitis

A

NSAIDs
lansoprazole

Nutrition and Digestion (30 decks)

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