Diabetes: Chronic Complications Flashcards
types of microvascular disease
peripheral neuropathy
retinopathy
nephropathy
risk factors for macrovascular complications
hypertension
overweight
poor lipid profile
poor glycaemic control
smoking
genetics
underlying mechanism of macrovascular complications
atherosclerosis
how does the make up of stable and vulnerable plaques differ
stable has smaller necrotic core and thicker fibrous cap
what in addition to atherosclerosis causes macrovascular complications
increased platelet adhesion
hypercoaguabilty
impaired fibrinolysis
type 2 DM
metabolic syndrome
manifestations of CVD
stroke
vascular dementia
peripheral arterial disease
slow healing of ulcers
claudication
what is claudication
muscle pain due to lack of oxygen
what is the HbA1c target in diabetes
58mmol/mol
pathophysiology of diabetic foot
peripheral neuropathy - can’t feel pain
infection
delayed wound healing due to hyperglycaemia
blood vessels blocked causing ischaemia
management of diabetic foot
antibiotics
debridement (cleaning)
offloading
improved glycaemic control
vascular assessment
most common microvascular complication
retinopathy
risk factors for microvascular complications
duration and severity of hyperglycaemia
pathophysiology of microvascular complications
cells get damaged by glycoproteins
oxidative stress from hyperglycaemia
why is diabetic eye screening important
disease is asymptomatic initially
what is diabetic nephropathy
chronic loss of kidney function in diabetes
