Feeding, Fasting and Exercise Flashcards
what supplies reducing power for anabolic pathways/biosynthesis
NADPH
what is the predominant pathway which makes NADPH
pentose-phosphate pathway
what macromolecule has biggest energy yield and why (fat, protein, carbohydrate or alcohol)
fat
it is almost completely reduced
what energy source can’t be used by the brain
free fatty acids/NEFA
can fat be metabolised anaerobically
no oxygen is required
disadvantage of using protein as energy source
all protein is functional so results in loss of function
what processes is triacylglycerol → free fatty acid
lipolysis
name of glycogen → glucose
glyconeogenesis
name of glucose → pyruvate
glycolysis
name of protein → amino acids
proteolysis
plasma concentration of glucose
4-5.5
plasma concentration of protein
4
what other than the brain can only metabolise glucose
erythrocytes
others (e.g. renal medulla)
can glucose be made from free fatty acids
no
describe pathway of fat metabolism
triacylglycerol eaten → formed into chylomicrons in plasma → broken down into triacylglycerol and stored in adipose tissue
what happens to triacylglycerol in fasting or exercise
broken down into free fatty acids in plasma which can be used by the muscle or liver but not the brain
what is a waste product of fat metabolism in muscles
co2
what are the waste products of fat metabolism in the liver
co2 and ketone bodies
where do ketone bodies go once they are produced in the liver
into the plasma and then across the BBB into the brain
what is myoglobin
protein which stored oxygen in muscles
which muscle fibres are fast twitch and which are slow twitch
slow - type 1 - red
fast - type 2 - white
myoglobin content in type 1 and 2 fibres
1 - high
2 - low
what is fuels are used for muscle contraction in a sprint
anaerobic exercise so
1. muscle ATP
2. creatinine phosphate
3. muscle glycogen
what is fuels are used for muscle contraction in a marathon
aerobic exercise so
1. muscle ATP
2. creatinine phosphate
3. muscle glycogen
4. plasma fatty acids
5. plasma glucose from liver glycogen and gluconeogenesis
where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place
mitochondria
what hormone phosphorylates ATP
phosphatase
what hormone makes ADP from ATP
kinase
