Inflammation & Repair Flashcards
___ is a reversible cell response to injury.
Degeneration
___ is the catabolic metabolism of a cell, but is not immediately lethal
Atrophy
Programmed cell death is known as ___
Apoptosis
What is involved in the “clean up” of degraded cellular material?
Macrophages
___ follows irreversible cell and tissue injuries
Necrosis
___ necrosis occurs with tissues with normal protein content.
Coagulative
___ necrosis occurs with tissue that is poor in protein, like brain and fat.
Liquefaction
What are the common causes in which necrosis occurs?
- ischemia
- trauma
- toxins
- infection
- immunologic factors
___ is a protective response to rid body of cause of cell injury and resultant necrosis
Inflammation
In inflammation, changes occur locally through vasodilation and increased vascular ___.
permeability
What are the 4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- rubor
- calor
- dolor
- tumor
What type of WBC is mainly involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Vasodilation occurs through cellular release of 3 mediators: ___, ___, and ___.
- histamine
- nitric oxide
- prostacyclin
What are the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability?
- Endothelial contraction (short-lived)
- Endothelial retraction (long-lived)
- Direct endothelial injury
- Delayed prolonged response
- Leukocyte mediated damage.
What are the 3 types of ways WBC from blood vessels move to site of inflammation?
- Rolling (loose intermittent contact)
- Pavementing (tight constant contact)
- Transmigration (crossing through)
___ is the process used to draw WBC to site of inflammation.
chemotaxis
What binds to foreign material for WBC recognition?
Opsonins
What are the 3 types of acute inflammation?
- Serous inflammation
- Fibrinous inflammation
- Purulent inflammation
___ inflammation involves relatively, clear watery fluid. It is commonly seen in viral infections and burns.
Serous inflammation
___ inflammation involves finely particulate, thick fluid. It is commonly seen in post-myocardial infarction pericarditis.
Fibrinous inflammation
___ inflammation involves pus and is commonly seen in bacterial and fungal infections.
Purulent inflammation
What is a walled off collection of pus that can occur in any organ?
Abscess
___ is a loss of mucosa and deeper tissue
Ulcer
___ is a connection between 2 organs, most commonly with lumens
Fistula
Chronic inflammation results in proliferation of new ___ and ___, collagen production and scarring.
- capillaries
- fibroblasts
What type of WBCs does chronic inflammation usually involve?
- lymphocytes
- macrophages
Granulomatous inflammation is a collection of activated ___.
macrophages
Healing is the regeneration of cells combined with ___ and ___.
- scarring
- fibrosis
During repair, ___ growth factor stimulates granulation tissue formation.
Epidermal
During repair, _____ growth factor induces blood vessel formation
Vascular Endothelial growth factor
What growth factor promotes migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells?
Platelet derived growth factor
Which growth factor stimulates blood vessel formation and wound repair through macrophages, fibroblast, and endothelial cell migration?
Fibroblast derived growth factor
What are the requirements for replacement by scar to occur?
- angiogenesis
- migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
- deposit of extracellular matrix
- reorganization of fibrous tissue
Healing by Primary intention involves healing of a wound with what 3 things?
- clean edges
- close reapproximation
- minimal tissue disruption
True or False: Healing of a cutaneous ulcer is an example of healing by primary intention.
False
Healing by _____ occurs when a wound has unclean edges, extensive tissue disruption, and necrosis.
Secondary intention
What are the 5 factors that impair wound healing?
- nutritional deficiency
- infection
- poor blood flow
- pressure
- steroid therapy
____ is the complete replacement of damaged cell with no scar formation
Regeneration
