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Phys/Pathophys I > Inflammation & Repair > Flashcards

Inflammation & Repair Flashcards

1
Q

___ is a reversible cell response to injury.

A

Degeneration

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2
Q

___ is the catabolic metabolism of a cell, but is not immediately lethal

A

Atrophy

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3
Q

Programmed cell death is known as ___

A

Apoptosis

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4
Q

What is involved in the “clean up” of degraded cellular material?

A

Macrophages

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5
Q

___ follows irreversible cell and tissue injuries

A

Necrosis

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6
Q

___ necrosis occurs with tissues with normal protein content.

A

Coagulative

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7
Q

___ necrosis occurs with tissue that is poor in protein, like brain and fat.

A

Liquefaction

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8
Q

What are the common causes in which necrosis occurs?

A
  • ischemia
  • trauma
  • toxins
  • infection
  • immunologic factors
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9
Q

___ is a protective response to rid body of cause of cell injury and resultant necrosis

A

Inflammation

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10
Q

In inflammation, changes occur locally through vasodilation and increased vascular ___.

A

permeability

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11
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?

A
  • rubor
  • calor
  • dolor
  • tumor
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12
Q

What type of WBC is mainly involved in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

Vasodilation occurs through cellular release of 3 mediators: ___, ___, and ___.

A
  • histamine
  • nitric oxide
  • prostacyclin
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14
Q

What are the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability?

A
  • Endothelial contraction (short-lived)
  • Endothelial retraction (long-lived)
  • Direct endothelial injury
  • Delayed prolonged response
  • Leukocyte mediated damage.
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of ways WBC from blood vessels move to site of inflammation?

A
  • Rolling (loose intermittent contact)
  • Pavementing (tight constant contact)
  • Transmigration (crossing through)
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16
Q

___ is the process used to draw WBC to site of inflammation.

A

chemotaxis

17
Q

What binds to foreign material for WBC recognition?

A

Opsonins

18
Q

What are the 3 types of acute inflammation?

A
  • Serous inflammation
  • Fibrinous inflammation
  • Purulent inflammation
19
Q

___ inflammation involves relatively, clear watery fluid. It is commonly seen in viral infections and burns.

A

Serous inflammation

20
Q

___ inflammation involves finely particulate, thick fluid. It is commonly seen in post-myocardial infarction pericarditis.

A

Fibrinous inflammation

21
Q

___ inflammation involves pus and is commonly seen in bacterial and fungal infections.

A

Purulent inflammation

22
Q

What is a walled off collection of pus that can occur in any organ?

A

Abscess

23
Q

___ is a loss of mucosa and deeper tissue

A

Ulcer

24
Q

___ is a connection between 2 organs, most commonly with lumens

A

Fistula

25
Q

Chronic inflammation results in proliferation of new ___ and ___, collagen production and scarring.

A
  • capillaries

- fibroblasts

26
Q

What type of WBCs does chronic inflammation usually involve?

A
  • lymphocytes

- macrophages

27
Q

Granulomatous inflammation is a collection of activated ___.

A

macrophages

28
Q

Healing is the regeneration of cells combined with ___ and ___.

A
  • scarring

- fibrosis

29
Q

During repair, ___ growth factor stimulates granulation tissue formation.

A

Epidermal

30
Q

During repair, _____ growth factor induces blood vessel formation

A

Vascular Endothelial growth factor

31
Q

What growth factor promotes migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells?

A

Platelet derived growth factor

32
Q

Which growth factor stimulates blood vessel formation and wound repair through macrophages, fibroblast, and endothelial cell migration?

A

Fibroblast derived growth factor

33
Q

What are the requirements for replacement by scar to occur?

A
  • angiogenesis
  • migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
  • deposit of extracellular matrix
  • reorganization of fibrous tissue
34
Q

Healing by Primary intention involves healing of a wound with what 3 things?

A
  • clean edges
  • close reapproximation
  • minimal tissue disruption
35
Q

True or False: Healing of a cutaneous ulcer is an example of healing by primary intention.

A

False

36
Q

Healing by _____ occurs when a wound has unclean edges, extensive tissue disruption, and necrosis.

A

Secondary intention

37
Q

What are the 5 factors that impair wound healing?

A
  • nutritional deficiency
  • infection
  • poor blood flow
  • pressure
  • steroid therapy
38
Q

____ is the complete replacement of damaged cell with no scar formation

A

Regeneration

Phys/Pathophys I (11 decks)

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