Cytokine Storm

Question 1

Tissue edema = extravascular pressures increase = reduction in _____

Answer 1

tissue perfusion

Question 2

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a common consequence of cytokine storm in which damaged _____ result in fluid-filled areas

Answer 2

alveoli and alveolar capillaries

Question 3

____ are small proteins secreted by cell for intercellular signaling and communication

Answer 3

cytokines

Question 4

_____ are pro-inflammatory and activate cytoxic T cells

Answer 4

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Question 5

____ are pro-inflammatory and play a role in growth and differentiation of leukocytes

Answer 5

Interleukins

Question 6

In ARDS, which cytokines are recruited to lungs and undergo further pro-inflammatory effect?

Answer 6

IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF

Question 7

What are the Sx of ARDS

Answer 7

• tachypnea
• decreased drive to breathe (decrease in PaCO2)
• diaphoresis
• cyanosis

Question 8

why can patient with ARDS have pink frothy sputum ?

Answer 8

pulmonary capillary hemorrhage

Question 9

what antiviral is used as part of treatment for COVID

Answer 9

Remdisivir

Question 10

Baricitinib is a _____ inhibitor used with Remdisivir to treat pts requiring high flow oxygen

Answer 10

janus kinase (JAK1, JAK2)

Question 11

Tocilizumab & Sarilumab are monoclonal antibodies and ___ inhibitors that have been use to regulate cytokine storm

Answer 11

IL-6

Question 12

___ inhibition was shown to be effective in reducing the need for ventilation and decreasing mortality. One example is Anakinra, which is a _____

Answer 12

• IL-1

- IL-1 receptor antagonist