Immunology Flashcards
What are the 8 components of the Immune System
- tonsils
- thymus
- bowel
- bone marrow
- skin
- mucous membranes (nose, throat, bladder, genitals)
- lymph nodes
- spleen
B cells mature in the ___. T cells mature in the ____.
- bone marrow
- thymus
What is a substance that can provoke and are targets of an immune response?
Antigen
___ is an immunoglobulin molecule that reacts with a specific antigen
Antibody
5 classes of Immunoglobulins
IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgG
Which immunoglobulin blocks transport of microbes across mucosa (ie GI tract, nasal passages, and sinuses)?
IgA
Which immunoglobulin is increased in allergic responses
IgE
Which immunoglobulin is 1st to respond during antigenic challenge?
IgM
Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant circulating antibody and is able to cross placenta?
IgG
Antigen binds to highly variable structure on antibody called…
V region (amino terminal portion)
What type of immunity is the first line of defense?
response <96 hours
Innate Immunity
What type of immunity is the second line of defense?
response >96 hours
Adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is T and B cell driven?
Adaptive immunity
___ is the indicator for acute infection, while ___ is responsible for long term immunity.
- IgM
- IgG
What cells are involved with immunity?
- lymphocytes
- macrophages
In ____ immunity, an antigenic challenge activates B cells then clone memory B cells and plasma cells are produced
Humoral immunity
What cells create and secrete antibodies?
plasma cells
___ is the ability of the immune system to respond more efficiently with a 2nd antigenic challenge.
Anamnestic response
What type of immunity is activated by Ag-Ab binding to RBC or bacteria?
- what is this important for?
- Complement
- transfusions and bacterial infections
What protein in the complement system promotes phagocytosis, cell lysis, and increases inflammation?
C3
What cells are descended from blood stem cells and can destroy tumor cells, viruses, parasites, and fungi?
Natural killer cells
___ immunity is T cell driven.
Cell Mediated
What type of T cell is capable of directly attacking and killing other cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the main target of cytotoxic T cells
viral infected cells
What type of T cell turns ON an immune response?
T Helper - CD4
What is the main function of T Helper - CD4?
stimulate proliferation of other T and B cells that are directly bound to Ag
T Helper cells attract ____ to site via release of ____ to aid in immune response
- neutrophils
- lymphokines
What type of T cell functions to turn down and stop immune response after Ag clearing?
T Suppressor - CD8
Suppressor T cells are important in preventing ____ reactions
autoimmune
___ is present on all body cells (except blood) and attaches to plasma membrane for self recognition.
MHC I
___ is present on surface of B cells, some T cells, and APCs, and allows for recognition of each other.
MHC II
If T cell binds to MHC with no ____, immune response is turned off.
Costimulation
HLA B27 is linked with ____.
ankylosing spondylitis
Immunoelectrophoresis can show a classic ___ that can be indicative of Multiple Myeloma
M Spike
Where do lymphocytes reside in after maturity?
spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils
What lab test uses a known Ab, patient sample Ag, and indicator Ab and read spectrophotomically?
ELISA
What lab test shows a classic M spike of multiple myeloma?
Immunoelectrophoresis
What type of blood is used for transfusions to minimize immune reactions?
Leukopoor blood
PRBCs
Patients that are deficient in ____ are at higher risk for developing sinus or GI infections
IgA
___ is a disease of cell mediated immunity in which CD4 is low, leading to opportunistic infections that can be fatal
HIV
In ____, self reactive antibodies bind to receptor for Ach causing muscle weakness and paralysis
Myasthenia Gravis
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE and can cause allergic asthma, anaphylaxis, and angioedema
Type I - Immediate hypersensitivity
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgM/IgG binding to antigen causing activation of the complement cascade?
Type II - Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex formation?
Type III - Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
What type of hypersensitivity reaction results in macrophage and cytotoxic T call accumulation? Classic example is Tuberculin reaction
Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity
