Immunology

Question 1

What are the 8 components of the Immune System

Answer 1

• tonsils
• thymus
• bowel
• bone marrow
• skin
• mucous membranes (nose, throat, bladder, genitals)
• lymph nodes
• spleen

Question 2

B cells mature in the ___. T cells mature in the ____.

Answer 2

• bone marrow

- thymus

Question 3

What is a substance that can provoke and are targets of an immune response?

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

___ is an immunoglobulin molecule that reacts with a specific antigen

Answer 4

Antibody

Question 5

5 classes of Immunoglobulins

Answer 5

IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgG

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin blocks transport of microbes across mucosa (ie GI tract, nasal passages, and sinuses)?

Answer 6

IgA

Question 7

Which immunoglobulin is increased in allergic responses

Answer 7

IgE

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin is 1st to respond during antigenic challenge?

Answer 8

IgM

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant circulating antibody and is able to cross placenta?

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

Antigen binds to highly variable structure on antibody called…

Answer 10

V region (amino terminal portion)

Question 11

What type of immunity is the first line of defense?

response <96 hours

Answer 11

Innate Immunity

Question 12

What type of immunity is the second line of defense?

response >96 hours

Answer 12

Adaptive immunity

Question 13

What type of immunity is T and B cell driven?

Answer 13

Adaptive immunity

Question 14

___ is the indicator for acute infection, while ___ is responsible for long term immunity.

Answer 14

• IgM

- IgG

Question 15

What cells are involved with immunity?

Answer 15

• lymphocytes

- macrophages

Question 16

In ____ immunity, an antigenic challenge activates B cells then clone memory B cells and plasma cells are produced

Answer 16

Humoral immunity

Question 17

What cells create and secrete antibodies?

Answer 17

plasma cells

Question 18

___ is the ability of the immune system to respond more efficiently with a 2nd antigenic challenge.

Answer 18

Anamnestic response

Question 19

What type of immunity is activated by Ag-Ab binding to RBC or bacteria?
- what is this important for?

Answer 19

• Complement

- transfusions and bacterial infections

Question 20

What protein in the complement system promotes phagocytosis, cell lysis, and increases inflammation?

Answer 20

C3

Question 21

What cells are descended from blood stem cells and can destroy tumor cells, viruses, parasites, and fungi?

Answer 21

Natural killer cells

Question 22

___ immunity is T cell driven.

Answer 22

Cell Mediated

Question 23

What type of T cell is capable of directly attacking and killing other cells?

Answer 23

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 24

What is the main target of cytotoxic T cells

Answer 24

viral infected cells

Question 25

What type of T cell turns ON an immune response?

Answer 25

T Helper - CD4

Question 26

What is the main function of T Helper - CD4?

Answer 26

stimulate proliferation of other T and B cells that are directly bound to Ag

Question 27

T Helper cells attract ____ to site via release of ____ to aid in immune response

Answer 27

- neutrophils | - lymphokines

Question 28

What type of T cell functions to turn down and stop immune response after Ag clearing?

Answer 28

T Suppressor - CD8

Question 29

Suppressor T cells are important in preventing ____ reactions

Answer 29

autoimmune

Question 30

___ is present on all body cells (except blood) and attaches to plasma membrane for self recognition.

Answer 30

MHC I

Question 31

___ is present on surface of B cells, some T cells, and APCs, and allows for recognition of each other.

Answer 31

MHC II

Question 32

If T cell binds to MHC with no ____, immune response is turned off.

Answer 32

Costimulation

Question 33

HLA B27 is linked with ____.

Answer 33

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 34

Immunoelectrophoresis can show a classic ___ that can be indicative of Multiple Myeloma

Answer 34

M Spike

Question 35

Where do lymphocytes reside in after maturity?

Answer 35

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils

Question 36

What lab test uses a known Ab, patient sample Ag, and indicator Ab and read spectrophotomically?

Answer 36

ELISA

Question 37

What lab test shows a classic M spike of multiple myeloma?

Answer 37

Immunoelectrophoresis

Question 38

What type of blood is used for transfusions to minimize immune reactions?

Answer 38

Leukopoor blood | PRBCs

Question 39

Patients that are deficient in ____ are at higher risk for developing sinus or GI infections

Answer 39

IgA

Question 40

___ is a disease of cell mediated immunity in which CD4 is low, leading to opportunistic infections that can be fatal

Answer 40

HIV

Question 41

In ____, self reactive antibodies bind to receptor for Ach causing muscle weakness and paralysis

Answer 41

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 42

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE and can cause allergic asthma, anaphylaxis, and angioedema

Answer 42

Type I - Immediate hypersensitivity

Question 43

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgM/IgG binding to antigen causing activation of the complement cascade?

Answer 43

Type II - Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity

Question 44

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex formation?

Answer 44

Type III - Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Question 45

What type of hypersensitivity reaction results in macrophage and cytotoxic T call accumulation? Classic example is Tuberculin reaction

Answer 45

Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity