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Phys/Pathophys I > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 components of the Immune System

A
  • tonsils
  • thymus
  • bowel
  • bone marrow
  • skin
  • mucous membranes (nose, throat, bladder, genitals)
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
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2
Q

B cells mature in the ___. T cells mature in the ____.

A
  • bone marrow

- thymus

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3
Q

What is a substance that can provoke and are targets of an immune response?

A

Antigen

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4
Q

___ is an immunoglobulin molecule that reacts with a specific antigen

A

Antibody

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5
Q

5 classes of Immunoglobulins

A

IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgG

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6
Q

Which immunoglobulin blocks transport of microbes across mucosa (ie GI tract, nasal passages, and sinuses)?

A

IgA

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7
Q

Which immunoglobulin is increased in allergic responses

A

IgE

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8
Q

Which immunoglobulin is 1st to respond during antigenic challenge?

A

IgM

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9
Q

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant circulating antibody and is able to cross placenta?

A

IgG

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10
Q

Antigen binds to highly variable structure on antibody called…

A

V region (amino terminal portion)

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11
Q

What type of immunity is the first line of defense?

response <96 hours

A

Innate Immunity

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12
Q

What type of immunity is the second line of defense?

response >96 hours

A

Adaptive immunity

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13
Q

What type of immunity is T and B cell driven?

A

Adaptive immunity

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14
Q

___ is the indicator for acute infection, while ___ is responsible for long term immunity.

A
  • IgM

- IgG

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15
Q

What cells are involved with immunity?

A
  • lymphocytes

- macrophages

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16
Q

In ____ immunity, an antigenic challenge activates B cells then clone memory B cells and plasma cells are produced

A

Humoral immunity

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17
Q

What cells create and secrete antibodies?

A

plasma cells

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18
Q

___ is the ability of the immune system to respond more efficiently with a 2nd antigenic challenge.

A

Anamnestic response

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19
Q

What type of immunity is activated by Ag-Ab binding to RBC or bacteria?
- what is this important for?

A
  • Complement

- transfusions and bacterial infections

20
Q

What protein in the complement system promotes phagocytosis, cell lysis, and increases inflammation?

A

C3

21
Q

What cells are descended from blood stem cells and can destroy tumor cells, viruses, parasites, and fungi?

A

Natural killer cells

22
Q

___ immunity is T cell driven.

A

Cell Mediated

23
Q

What type of T cell is capable of directly attacking and killing other cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

24
Q

What is the main target of cytotoxic T cells

A

viral infected cells

25
Q

What type of T cell turns ON an immune response?

A

T Helper - CD4

26
Q

What is the main function of T Helper - CD4?

A

stimulate proliferation of other T and B cells that are directly bound to Ag

27
Q

T Helper cells attract ____ to site via release of ____ to aid in immune response

A
  • neutrophils

- lymphokines

28
Q

What type of T cell functions to turn down and stop immune response after Ag clearing?

A

T Suppressor - CD8

29
Q

Suppressor T cells are important in preventing ____ reactions

A

autoimmune

30
Q

___ is present on all body cells (except blood) and attaches to plasma membrane for self recognition.

A

MHC I

31
Q

___ is present on surface of B cells, some T cells, and APCs, and allows for recognition of each other.

A

MHC II

32
Q

If T cell binds to MHC with no ____, immune response is turned off.

A

Costimulation

33
Q

HLA B27 is linked with ____.

A

ankylosing spondylitis

34
Q

Immunoelectrophoresis can show a classic ___ that can be indicative of Multiple Myeloma

A

M Spike

35
Q

Where do lymphocytes reside in after maturity?

A

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils

36
Q

What lab test uses a known Ab, patient sample Ag, and indicator Ab and read spectrophotomically?

A

ELISA

37
Q

What lab test shows a classic M spike of multiple myeloma?

A

Immunoelectrophoresis

38
Q

What type of blood is used for transfusions to minimize immune reactions?

A

Leukopoor blood

PRBCs

39
Q

Patients that are deficient in ____ are at higher risk for developing sinus or GI infections

A

IgA

40
Q

___ is a disease of cell mediated immunity in which CD4 is low, leading to opportunistic infections that can be fatal

A

HIV

41
Q

In ____, self reactive antibodies bind to receptor for Ach causing muscle weakness and paralysis

A

Myasthenia Gravis

42
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE and can cause allergic asthma, anaphylaxis, and angioedema

A

Type I - Immediate hypersensitivity

43
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgM/IgG binding to antigen causing activation of the complement cascade?

A

Type II - Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity

44
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex formation?

A

Type III - Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

45
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction results in macrophage and cytotoxic T call accumulation? Classic example is Tuberculin reaction

A

Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity

Phys/Pathophys I (11 decks)

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