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Digestion and Renal Sciences > Inflammation of the Gut > Flashcards

Inflammation of the Gut Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common symptom of GI inflammation?

A

Diarrhoea

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2
Q

What are the two categories of diarrhoea?

A

Acute infectious diarrhoea

Chronic diarrhoea

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3
Q

What is acute infectious diarrhoea?

A

Lasts less than 2 weeks

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4
Q

What are the causes of acute infectious diarrhoea?

A

Emotional stress
Food intolerance
Drugs and infectious agents

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5
Q

What are the causes of chronic diarrhoea?

A 
Osmotic
Secretory
Inflammatory
Malabsorptive
Chronic infections
Motility disorders
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6
Q

What are the three categories of acute diarrhoea?

A

Inflammatory
Non-inflammatory
Food poisoning

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7
Q

What will help you determine what caused the acute diarrhoea?

A 
Symptoms such as:
Abdominal pain
Fever
Fecal evidence of inflammation
Vomiting
Heme positive stool
Bloody stool
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8
Q

What are the three infectious causes of diarrhoea in the UK?

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa

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9
Q

What are non-infectious causes of acute diarrhoea?

A

Drugs - NSAIDS
Chemicals - alcohol, bleach
Inflammatory bowel disease

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10
Q

What are the differences between ulcerative colitis versus Crohns

A

Ulcerative colitis typically begins in the rectum and may extend to involve the entire colon
Ulcerative colitis usually affects only the inner layer of the bowel wall
Crohns disease involves the end of the small intestine and the start of the colon. Patchy pattern
Crohns affects all layers of the bowel wall

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11
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A 
Incidence 2-3 per 100,000
Inflammation anywhere in the GI tract
Transmural inflammation
Skip lesions
Non-caseating granulomas
Mucosal ulceration
Fibrosis
Stricturing
Fistula
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12
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A 
Incidene 7 per 100,000
Inflammation of large bowel
Starts in rectum, extends proximally
Mucosal inflammation
Granulomas absent
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13
Q

What are some extraintestinal manifestations of Crohns and ulcerative colitis?

A

Arthropathy
Episcleritis
Anterior uveitis
Scaroilitis

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14
Q

How is irritable bowel disease diagnosed?

A 
History and examination
Bloods:
Full blood count
Urea and electrolytes
Liver function tests
C reactive protein
Stool
C. difficile
Abdominal xray
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15
Q

What further investigation can be done when diagnosing IBD?

A 
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Small bowel imaging
CT MRI Barium
Histology
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16
Q

How is irritable bowel disease medically managed?

A 
Induction of remission with steroids (oral/IV)
Maintenance
Aminosalicyates
Purine analogues
Calcineurin inhibitors
Anti TNF alpha antibodies
17
Q

How is Crohn’s surgically managed?

A

Treatment of complications

Segmental resections

18
Q

How is ulcerative colitis surgically managed?

A

When not responding to medical management
Sub total colectomy with end ileostomy
Panproctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch
Permanent cure possible

Digestion and Renal Sciences (27 decks)

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