Gut microbiota Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Bacteria an individual is colonised with at birth which remain with the organism until death

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2
Q

When are normal flora normal?

A

When in the correct location

e.g. the gut not the bloodstream

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3
Q

What are transient microbiota?

A

Inhabit an individual for a brief period of time

Some cause disease, some don’t

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4
Q

Overall how many microorganisms are there in the body?

A

10^14

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5
Q

Why are certain bacteria only found in one location of the body?

A

Specifically adapted to life in one particular niche
Tissue preference
Colonisation site has specific receptors for attachment

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6
Q

Where is the most microflora in the body?

A

Intestines

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7
Q

How does the number of organisms vary across the GI tract?

A

It increases from stomach to colon

Highest number in the colon

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8
Q

Where are microflora found in the oral cavity?

A
Gingival crevice
Gingiva
Cheek
Palate
Tongue
Tooth surface
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9
Q

What must microflora of the oral cavity be resistant to?

A

Mechanical removal

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10
Q

What is the bodies defence against microflora in the oral cavity?

A

Salivary glands secrete neutral pH solution to neutralise bacterial acids
Saliva contains lysozyme to attack bacterial peptidoglycan

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11
Q

What destroys microorganisms in the stomach?

A

Low pH

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12
Q

What keeps microflora under control in the intestines?

A

Motility

Mucin

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13
Q

What is the defence against microorganisms in the bowel?

A

Lymphoid aggregates

Secrete IgA plasma cells

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14
Q

What would happen if there was a decrease in saliva production?

A

Significant dental decay

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15
Q

What would reduced stomach acidity lead to?

A

Decreases the number of organisms required to initiate disease

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16
Q

What would happen if the oesophagus was perforated?

A

Polymicrobial mediastinitis

17
Q

What happens to any bacteria that may enter the portal vein?

A

Cleared by macrophages

18
Q

If the liver had cirrhosis, what would happen to any bacteria in the portal vein?

A

May enter the perihepatic lymphatic system

19
Q

How can bacteria lead to diarrhoea?

A

Loss of or inhibition microvilli in the large intestine

Prevents water reabsorption

20
Q

What would be the cause of blood and pus in the stools?

A

Organisms that invade the mucosa and destroy enterocytes

21
Q

How is appendicitis caused?

A

Blockage of appendix lumen by faecolith

Flora trapped are still able to reproduce and cause complications