Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Digestion and Renal Sciences > Digestion and absorption of fat > Flashcards

Digestion and absorption of fat Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most concentrated store of energy?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is most of the body fat deposits?

A

In the subcutaneous adipose tissue layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of fat?

A

Visceral and subcutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much fat does a typical 70kg human have?

A

15kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is energy obtained from stored fat?

A

By beta oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A
D
E
K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

In bile salt micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would a deficiency in vitamin D lead to?

A

Bone mineralisation

Bone softening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is vitamin E needed for?

A

Protection against cardiovascular disease and cancer

Deficiency leads to neurological problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is vitamin K needed for?

A

Gla-residues
Blood coagulation
Bone metabolism
Vascular biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do we need fatty acids in our diet?

A

Formation of cell membranes
Regulating blood pressure
Immune and inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name some symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency

A 
Haemorrhagic dermatitis
Skin atrophy
Scaly dermatitis
Dry skin
Weakness
Impaired vision
Tingling sensations
Mood swings
Edema
High blood pressure
High triglycerides
Haemorrhagic follicullitis
Haemotologic disturbances
Immune and mental deficiencies
Impaired growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where may lipids come from other than the diet?

A

Phospholipds
Unesterified cholesterol
Membrane lipids from desquamated cells
Lipids derived from dead bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does lipid hydrolysis take part?

A

In the aqueous milieu of the intestinal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What catalyses lipid hydrolysis?

A

Lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are lipid particles stabilised?

A

As an emulsion

17
Q

Where does emulsification take place?

A

Food preparation
Chewing and gastric churning
Squirting contents into the duodenum
Intestinal peristalsis

18
Q

What prevents lipid particles from coalescing?

A

Emulsion droplets are coated with membrane lipids, denatured protein, dietary polysaccharides, products of digestion, phospholipids and cholesterol
Hydrophilic groups project into the water

19
Q

What is at the core of an emulsion particle?

A

A triglyceride

Containing cholesteryl esters and non-polar lipids

20
Q

What are the two types of lipase?

A

Lingual

Gastric

21
Q

Where is lingual lipase found?

A

In the mouth and stomach

22
Q

Where is gastric lipase found?

A

In the stomach and duodenum

23
Q

What do lingual and gastric lipases produce?

A

Release a single fatty acid from triglycerides

Diglyceride remains

24
Q

Where are medium and short chain fatty acids absorbed?

A

Across the gastric mucosa into the portal blood

25
Q

How much fat digestion occurs in the stomach?

A

15%

26
Q

What stimulates CCK?

A

Fatty acids in the duodenum

27
Q

What does CCK stimulate?

A

Flow of bile

Secretion of pancreatic enzymes

28
Q

What four things does pancreatic lipase need to work?

A

Colipase
Alkaline pH
Bile salts
Fatty acids

29
Q

What else may hydrolyse lipids?

A

Bacterial lipases

30
Q

How do lipolytic products enter cells?

A

Short/medium chain fatty acids diffuse
Long chain fatty acids are protonated by Na-H brush border membrane
Enter by non-ionic diffusion
Collision and incorporation into membrane
Active carrier mediated processes

31
Q

What happens once inside the cells?

A

For long chains
SER forms fat droplets (chylomicron)
Transported to vesicles
Then to lymphatic system

For short chains
Pass directly to blood

32
Q

Why do long chain fatty acids bind to fatty acid binding proteins?

A

Prevent leakage out of the cell
Prevent lipid toxicity
Ensure transfer of fatty acids to SER

33
Q

Where do chylomicrons end up?

A

In the liver

Transported to either muscle or adipose tissue

Digestion and Renal Sciences (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions