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Digestion and Renal Sciences > Glomerular filtration > Flashcards

Glomerular filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fundamental functional unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron

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2
Q

Name the parts of the nephron in the order blood flows through them

A 
Glomerulus
Bowman's space
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
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3
Q

What is the combine blood flow to the kidneys?

A

1.1 litres per minute

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4
Q

What sort of membrane is there in the glomerulus?

A

Semi permeable

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5
Q

Where does the filtrate form?

A

Bowman’s space

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6
Q

What two forces drive the flow in glomerular ultrafiltration?

A

Hydrostatic

Osmotic/oncotic

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7
Q

How is glomerular pressure controlled?

A

Dilation of afferent arterioles

Contraction of efferent arterioles

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8
Q

What is the total osmotic glomerular pressure?

A

7.1 atm

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9
Q

What is the osmolality in the glomerulus?

A

0.0009 Osm.kg

Pressure of 17mmHg

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10
Q

What are the three layers that separate the blood from the lumen of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries
Glomerular basement membrane
Epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule

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11
Q

What is present in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries?

A

Fenestrations

60nm

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12
Q

What charge do the endothelial cells have?

A

Negatively charged glycocalyx

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13
Q

Where else would you find negatively charged proteins?

A

Collagen fixed in the basement membrane

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14
Q

What is a podocyte?

A

Epithelial cell of Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

What is a pedicel?

A

Projections from podocytes

Form extra barrier to movement of fluid

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16
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

Proportion of plasma flow that is filtered by the glomerulus

17
Q

How do we calculate the filtration fraction?

A

Glomerular filtration rate/ Renal plasma flow

18
Q

Describe molecules that are filtered

A

Less than 10kDa in size

19
Q

Why would large molecules make it through the glomerulus?

A

Positive charge

Damage to glomerulus

20
Q

What is the daily glomerular filtration rate?

A

180L a day

21
Q

How much does each nephron filter?

A

30-50nL per min

22
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule?

A

10mmHg

23
Q

How do we measure glomerular filtration rate?

A

Substances that are filtered but not absorbed

Eg inulin.

24
Q

How do we calculate glomerular filtration rate?

A

GFR = Concentration in urine x volume of urine over plasma concentration

25
Q

How do we calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate?

A

eGFR=k/Concentration in plasma
k = (140-age)xmassxC
C=1.23 for men and 1.04 for women

26
Q

Who can we use GFR for?

A

Only adults

As we age nephrons are lost and GFR falls

27
Q

What is proteinuria?

A

Proteins in the urine, evidence of glomerular dysfunction

28
Q

What is a cause of proteinuria?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

29
Q

What is the name given to predominant dysfunction of the glomerulus?

A

Glomerulonephritis

30
Q

What is congenital nephrotic syndrome?

A

Rare genetic disorder effecting either nephrin or podocin (found in podocytes)
Glomerulus is more permeable

Digestion and Renal Sciences (27 decks)

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