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Digestion and Renal Sciences > Control of fluid by the kidneys > Flashcards

Control of fluid by the kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of water intake?

A

Drinking
Food
Metabolism

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2
Q

What are the ways water is lost?

A

Lungs
Skin
Faeces
Urine

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3
Q

What are the body fluid compartments?

A 
Intracellular water
Interstitial water
Fat
Plasma
Transcellular fluid
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4
Q

What is the body water content of a 70kg person?

A

42L

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5
Q

How would 42L be divided in the different body fluid compartments?

A

Plasma 3L
Interstitial fluid 10L
Transcellular fluid 1L
Intracellular fluid 28L

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6
Q

Give examples of transcellular fluid

A 
Peritoneal space
Cerebrospinal fluid
Pleural cavity
Sinovial fluid
Ocular fluid
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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Fluid component of the blood

55% of the blood by volume

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8
Q

What is the haematocrit?

A

A measure of the proportion of blood occupied by cells

Around 45%

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9
Q 
Compare these ion concentrations in extracellular and intracellular fluid
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Cl-
HCO3-
Glucose
A 
Na: High low
K: Low high
Ca: High low
Cl: High low
HCO3: high low
Glucose: high no
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10
Q

Where is extracellular calcium found?

A

Half is bound to albumin

The body only regulates free calcium concentration

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11
Q

How do we measure plasma volume?

A

Exsanguination and centrifugation

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12
Q

How do we measure total body water?

A

Weigh the body

Desiccate it

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13
Q

What is the volume of distribution?

A

The volume of fluid required to contain the total amount of drug in the body at the same concentration as that present in the plasma

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14
Q

How do we calculate volume of distribution?

A

Amount of drug/plasma concentration of drug

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15
Q

What marker could be used for total body water measurements?

A

Deuterium

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16
Q

What marker could be used for plasma volume?

A

Evan’s blue

17
Q

What marker could be used for extracellular fluid?

A

Inulin

36Cl-

18
Q

What is an osmole?

A

A measure of the number of moles that a compound dissociates into when dissolved in solution

19
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Number of osmoles per unit mass of the solvent

20
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Number of osmoles per unit volume of the solution

21
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The inverse of water potential

The force, per unit area, to oppose movement of molecules due to different concentrations

22
Q

What does isosmotic mean?

A

The same osmolality

23
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Applying the solution to cells will cause no net movement of fluid

24
Q

What is the name given to protein mediated force?

A

Oncotic pressure

25
Q

What is mannitol?

A

Sugar alcohol that increases extracellular osmolality.

It draws water from intracellular and transcelliular spaces

Digestion and Renal Sciences (27 decks)

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