Inflammation Flashcards
What are some causes of inflammation?
Trauma, chemicals, posisons, temperature extremes, infection, necrosis
What is the sequence of events in inflammation?
- Arteriolar Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Increased blood flow & vessel permeability
- Plasma proteins escape
- Osmotic pressure increase in interstitum
- More cells in blood vessels
- Migration and Emigration of leukocytes
- Activation of Leukocytes
- Healing
Discuss neutrophil action during inflammation
Normally flow in stream in blood vessel. Occupy margins of vessels during inflammation (margination). Emigration across vessel.
What are the two mechanisms of increased vascular permeability?
A: Retraction of endothelial cells via histamines (short-lived)
B: Endothelial injury via burns or microbial toxins (long-lived)
What are the 3 outcomes of acute inflammation?
- Resolution
- Chronic inflammation
- Scarring
What are the 5 signs of inflammation and their causes?
- Redness: Greater perfusion
- Heat: Blood in the periphery
- Swelling: Water following solute (plasma proteins)
- Pain: Stretching and chemicals stimulate nerve endings.
- Loss of Function: Restricted movements
Define emigration
Multistep process of leukocyte migration through blood vessel walls
What are the steps of emigration?
- Extend protrusions between gaps of endothelial cells.
- Release collagenases/elastases to digest blood vessel basement membrane
- Enter tissue by binding to integrins in ECM.
What are the selectins? What is their job?
E/P/L selectins; Help leukocytes adhere to endothelium, mediate weak interactions and rolling
What are the integrins? What is their job?
Induce adhesion to endothelium, Stop rolling and help leukocyte to spread out on endothelial surface.
What is the role of the IG superfamily?
ICAM, VCAM and PECAM; Help leukocytes squeeze through. Mediate transmigration.
