Cell Injury Part 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 patterns of necrosis?
- Coagulative
- Liquefactive
- Caseous
- Enzymatic Fat
Discuss Coagulative necrosis.
Seen initially with ischemia or hypoxia. The area of necrosis is paler and softer than normal.
Discuss Liquefactive necrosis.
Loss of cellular and tissue architecture with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Usually seen with bacterial infections; Fluid, opaque and creamy
Discuss Caseous necrosis
Cheese-like consistency. Loss of cellular and tissue architecture with a rim of inflammatory cells (macrophages); Seen in chronic microbial infections
Discuss Enzymatic Fat necrosis
Areas of necrosis are chalky, white and firm. Triglycerides in adipocytes are broken down and combine with calcium to form soaps.
Discuss Fibrinoid necrosis
Usually associated with immune complexes in the walls of blood vessels.
Describe gangrene
The end result of a limb that has lost its blood supply.
- Wet: Compounded by bacterial infections.
- Dry: No infection
- Gas: Clostridial infection.
Define Steatosis
Abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in injured parenchymal cells; Seen in hepatocytes.
Discuss the pathology of an alcoholic liver.
- Increased mobilization of FAs from adipose tissue.
- Metabolism of ethanol leads to excess NADH; Stimulates triglyceride synthesis.
- Decrease in FA oxidation in mitochondria
- Impaired transport of lipoproteins from the liver.
Describe a fatty liver
Enlarged, rounded lobe edges, pale, greasy and soft.
Histologically describe a fatty liver.
Vacoules displace nucleus, round, clear
What are the causes of protein accumulation in the liver?
- Viral infection
- Defective protein folding
- Excessive synthesis of secretory proteins
- Resorption by renal epithelium
What is the significance of a ‘hyaline change’?
It implies protein accumulation.