Hemodynamic disorders Part 2

Question 1

Discuss the lines of Zahn

Answer 1

Only found in thrombi that form in flowing blood. There presence can distinguish antemortem thrombosis from postmortem thrombosis.

Question 2

What are the 3 possible fates of a thrombus?

Answer 2

Propagation, Embolization or Dissolution

Question 3

Define infarction

Answer 3

An area of ischemic necrosis caused by an occlusion of the arterial supply or venous drainage.

Question 4

Where are the 5 places red infarcts occur?

Answer 4

1. Venous occlusions
2. Loose tissues
3. Tissues with dual circulation
4. Tissues previously congested by sluggish venous outflow
5. Sites of previous occlusion and necrosis when flow is reestablished.

Question 5

Where does white infarcts occur?

Answer 5

In solid organs with end-arterial circulation

Question 6

Describe the morphology of an infarct

Answer 6

All infarcts are wedge shaped. Occluded vessel marks the apex while the organ periphery forms the base.

Question 7

What are the 4 factors that lead to the development of an infarct?

Answer 7

1. Nature of the vascular supply
2. Rate of occlusion’
3. Vulnerability to hypoxia
4. Oxygen content of blood.`

Question 8

Define the 3 categories of shock

Answer 8

1. Cardiogenic: Low cardiac output due to outflow obstruction or myocardial pump failure
2. Hypovolemic shock: Low cardiac output due to hemorrhage or fluid loss
3. Septic shock: Results from vasodilation and peripheral blood pooling.

Question 9

Describe the pathogenesis of Septic shock

Answer 9

1. Inflammatory mediators
2. Endothelial cell activation and Injury
3. Metabolic abnormalities
4. Immune Suppression
5. Organ Dysfunction

Question 10

Discuss the progressive stages of shock

Answer 10

Characterized by hypoperfusion and lactic acidosis.