Inflammation Flashcards
define inflammation
an immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection, or allergy
what does the degree of an inflammatory response depend on
severity and scope of injury
is inflammation specific or nonspecific
nonspecific
what suffix means inflammation
-itis
what is acute inflammation
immediate response to tissue injury and is short in duration (min-days)
what is chronic inflammation
inflammation that continues for weeks to years after the initial injury
stimulus is ongoing
what are systemic manifestations of inflammation
fever
leukocytosis
increase in plasma proteins
malaise
fatigue
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
pain
heat
readiness
swelling
loss of function
what is the physiologic process of inflammation
WBCs attracted to area of inflammation
proinflammatory hormones
what do prostaglandins do
increase vascualr permeablility
what do cytokines do
attract wbcs
what are histamines produced by
mast cells
what is the role of proinflammatory hormones
increase blood flow to injured area
increase vascular membrane permeability
activate components of immune system
attract leukocytes to the area of injury
promote angiogenesis
stimulate growth of connective tissue
cause fever
what is the patho of acute inflammation
injury/death of tissue… release of chemical mediators
vasodilation and increased blood flow to small vessels surrounding the area of injury…warmth and redness
swelling and partial retraction/separation of activated endothelial cells
increased vascular permeability…swelling, pain, and loss of fx
“walling off” of the injured area
migration of wbcs to area of injury
exudates exiting vascular system
mvmt of glucose and 02 to area
release of additional chemical mediators
what plays a critical role in chronic inflammation
macrophages
how do neonates respond to inflammation
reduced inflammatory response to bacteria/virus
how do older adults respond to inflammation
more susceptible to impaired inflammation and wound healing
skin barrier is less protective
what are some consequences of excessive inflammation
local tissue damage
systemic pathology (sepsis/shock)
development of chronic diseases (atherosclerosis, chronic renal disease, ibd, neuro disorders)
what diagnostic testing is done for inflammation
WBC w/ differential
C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
radiology
what are some pharmacologic agents used for inflammation
glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
recombinant DNA and monoclonal antibodies
antipyretics
analgesics
antimicrobials
