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NUR 140 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is immunity

A

a physiologic process that provides an individual w/ protection or defense from disease

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2
Q

what is innate immunity

A

1st line of defense
present at birth
nonspecific response

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3
Q

what is acquired immunity

A

specific response
active-results from formation of antibodies (b lymphocytes) and sensitized t lymphocytes
illness or vaccine
passive-results from introduction of preformed antibodies

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4
Q

what is suppressed immune system

A

immunocompromised

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5
Q

what is optimal immune response

A

normal and healthy

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6
Q

what is exaggerated immune response

A

autoimmune disorders
unable tp differentiate btwn host and foreign invader

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7
Q

examples of lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow
tonsils
adenoids
spleen
thymus

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8
Q

where do lymphoid stem cells start

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

where do lymphoid stem cells go to

A

thymus or bone marrow

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10
Q

what cells are produced by the thymus

A

immunocompetent t cells/ t lymphocytes

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11
Q

what are helper t cells

A

cd4 cells
stimulates rest of immune system to help w/ attack

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12
Q

what do regulatory t cells do

A

suppress immune response (protect against hyperactive immune response)
suppress fx of helper cytotoxic t cells and decrease b cell production

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13
Q

what do cytotoxic t cells/ killer t cells do

A

kill antigen directly
innate immunity
good @ killing cancer cells
stimulate apoptosis
CD 8 cells

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14
Q

what do memory t cells do

A

help w/ antigen recognition and help mount immune response

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15
Q

what do plasma cells secrete

A

anitbodies

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16
Q

what are b lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies
have memory
maturation in liver during mid fetal life, then in bone marrow

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17
Q

what is humoral

A

memory

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18
Q

what are major histocompatibility complex proteins

A

surface proteins
alert if it is a friendly cell or enemy

19
Q

what are phagocytes

A

ingest foreign antigens
macrophages (tissues) and neutrophils

20
Q

what does the compliment system do

A

enhance immune response

21
Q

what do dendritic cells do

A

antigen presenting cells
alert B and T lymphocytes to their presence

22
Q

what are the 3 lines of defense

A

physical and chemical barrier
phagocytic immune response
humoral and cellular immune response

23
Q

what is physical barrier

A

skin

24
Q

what is a phagocytic immune response

A

activities of phagocytes, natural killer t lymphocytes (stimulate apoptosis), granulocytes (neutrophils and monocytes are first to arrive), and macrophages

25
Q

what is a humoral and cellular immune response

A

antibodies derived from the b lymphocytes and the t lymphocytes

26
Q

what are igG

A

primary immunoglobulins in blood
enter tissue spaces, cross placenta, coats antigen, binds to macrophages and neutrophils (enhancing phagocytosis)
plays major role in bloodborne and tissue infections
activates compliment system

27
Q

what are IgE

A

found in serum
responsible for allergic and hypersensitive reactions
increases in the presence of parasitic infections

28
Q

what are IgA

A

appear in high concentrations in tears, saliva, breast milk, and secretions of gi and respiratory tracts
protects against respiratory, GI, GU infections
passes to neonate for protection
entrances to body

29
Q

what are IgM

A

remains in the blood and kills bacteria and viruses
first antibody produced w/ an initial immune response
actives compliment system
largest
acute infections

30
Q

what is primary immunodeficiency

A

entire immune system is inadequate
missing some components necessary for complete immune response
common variable immunodeficiency is the most prevalent PI disease

31
Q

what is secondary immunodeficiency

A

intentional (antirejection drugs)
adverse effect of treatment (leukemia)
steroids, immunomodulators, chemo

32
Q

symptoms of suppressed immune functioning

A

frequent infections
poor wound healing
fatigue
malaise
wt loss

33
Q

clinical findings of suppressed immune functioning

A

may appear poorly nourished or have wasting syndrome
chronic wounds
enlarged lymph nodes
opportunistic infection

34
Q

common diagnostic tests

A

cbc and wbc w/ differential
western blot
TORCH antibody testing

35
Q

what is a type 1 hypersensitivity

A

allergic, anaphylaxis
igE mediated

36
Q

what is a type 2 hypersensitivity

A

tissue specific or cytotoxic hypersensitivity
graves disease, transplant tissue, blood transfusion
IgG/IgM mediated

37
Q

what is a type 3 hypersensitivity

A

immune complex
lupus and RA
IgG/IgM mediated

38
Q

what is a type 4 hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity
poison ivy/ metals
t cell, localized reaction
IBD

39
Q

acute hypersensitivity reaction

A

localized: bee sting
systemic: anaphylaxis

40
Q

chronic body wide system disease

A

destruction of body tissues: RA
abnormal organ growth: IBD
change in organ fx: cvd, renal disease

41
Q

primary tests for exaggerated immune response

A

antinuclear antibody
crp
esr

42
Q

drugs to reduce response for exaggerated immune response

A

antihistamine
sympathomimetic (epinephrine)
mast cell stabilizer
immunosuppressive therapy (steroids)
anti-inflammatory agents

43
Q

symptomatic relief drugs for exaggerated immune response

A

antipuritics (itching)
decongestant
analgesics

NUR 140 (16 decks)

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