Immunity Flashcards
what is immunity
a physiologic process that provides an individual w/ protection or defense from disease
what is innate immunity
1st line of defense
present at birth
nonspecific response
what is acquired immunity
specific response
active-results from formation of antibodies (b lymphocytes) and sensitized t lymphocytes
illness or vaccine
passive-results from introduction of preformed antibodies
what is suppressed immune system
immunocompromised
what is optimal immune response
normal and healthy
what is exaggerated immune response
autoimmune disorders
unable tp differentiate btwn host and foreign invader
examples of lymphoid organs
bone marrow
tonsils
adenoids
spleen
thymus
where do lymphoid stem cells start
bone marrow
where do lymphoid stem cells go to
thymus or bone marrow
what cells are produced by the thymus
immunocompetent t cells/ t lymphocytes
what are helper t cells
cd4 cells
stimulates rest of immune system to help w/ attack
what do regulatory t cells do
suppress immune response (protect against hyperactive immune response)
suppress fx of helper cytotoxic t cells and decrease b cell production
what do cytotoxic t cells/ killer t cells do
kill antigen directly
innate immunity
good @ killing cancer cells
stimulate apoptosis
CD 8 cells
what do memory t cells do
help w/ antigen recognition and help mount immune response
what do plasma cells secrete
anitbodies
what are b lymphocytes
produce antibodies
have memory
maturation in liver during mid fetal life, then in bone marrow
what is humoral
memory
what are major histocompatibility complex proteins
surface proteins
alert if it is a friendly cell or enemy
what are phagocytes
ingest foreign antigens
macrophages (tissues) and neutrophils
what does the compliment system do
enhance immune response
what do dendritic cells do
antigen presenting cells
alert B and T lymphocytes to their presence
what are the 3 lines of defense
physical and chemical barrier
phagocytic immune response
humoral and cellular immune response
what is physical barrier
skin
what is a phagocytic immune response
activities of phagocytes, natural killer t lymphocytes (stimulate apoptosis), granulocytes (neutrophils and monocytes are first to arrive), and macrophages
what is a humoral and cellular immune response
antibodies derived from the b lymphocytes and the t lymphocytes
what are igG
primary immunoglobulins in blood
enter tissue spaces, cross placenta, coats antigen, binds to macrophages and neutrophils (enhancing phagocytosis)
plays major role in bloodborne and tissue infections
activates compliment system
what are IgE
found in serum
responsible for allergic and hypersensitive reactions
increases in the presence of parasitic infections
what are IgA
appear in high concentrations in tears, saliva, breast milk, and secretions of gi and respiratory tracts
protects against respiratory, GI, GU infections
passes to neonate for protection
entrances to body
what are IgM
remains in the blood and kills bacteria and viruses
first antibody produced w/ an initial immune response
actives compliment system
largest
acute infections
what is primary immunodeficiency
entire immune system is inadequate
missing some components necessary for complete immune response
common variable immunodeficiency is the most prevalent PI disease
what is secondary immunodeficiency
intentional (antirejection drugs)
adverse effect of treatment (leukemia)
steroids, immunomodulators, chemo
symptoms of suppressed immune functioning
frequent infections
poor wound healing
fatigue
malaise
wt loss
clinical findings of suppressed immune functioning
may appear poorly nourished or have wasting syndrome
chronic wounds
enlarged lymph nodes
opportunistic infection
common diagnostic tests
cbc and wbc w/ differential
western blot
TORCH antibody testing
what is a type 1 hypersensitivity
allergic, anaphylaxis
igE mediated
what is a type 2 hypersensitivity
tissue specific or cytotoxic hypersensitivity
graves disease, transplant tissue, blood transfusion
IgG/IgM mediated
what is a type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex
lupus and RA
IgG/IgM mediated
what is a type 4 hypersensitivity
cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity
poison ivy/ metals
t cell, localized reaction
IBD
acute hypersensitivity reaction
localized: bee sting
systemic: anaphylaxis
chronic body wide system disease
destruction of body tissues: RA
abnormal organ growth: IBD
change in organ fx: cvd, renal disease
primary tests for exaggerated immune response
antinuclear antibody
crp
esr
drugs to reduce response for exaggerated immune response
antihistamine
sympathomimetic (epinephrine)
mast cell stabilizer
immunosuppressive therapy (steroids)
anti-inflammatory agents
symptomatic relief drugs for exaggerated immune response
antipuritics (itching)
decongestant
analgesics
