Leukemia Flashcards
what is leukocytosis
increase in wbc
what is a common feature of leukemias
unregulated proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow
what is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
development of abnormal blast cells (immature leukocytes) that crown normal bone marrow
most common form
avg age 68
s&s of AML
neutropenia
anemia
thrombocytopenia
pain from enlarged liver/spleen, hyperplasia of gums and bone pain
s&s of thrombocytopenia
ecchymosis
petechiae
epistaxis
gingival bleeding
AML chemo treatments
induction-destroy leukemic and helathy cells
administer blood products and treatment of infections
consolidation-eliminates any residual leukemic cells and reduce chance of recurrence
AML treatmen besides chemo
allogenic stem cells transplant
supportive care
AML complications
bleeding: hemorrhage when platemlet is below 10,000
infection: ANC counts <100 increases risk of systemic infections
tumor lysis syndrome: massive cell destruction from chemo, hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperposphatemia, increase fluid intae
what is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
arrieses from a chromosomal mutation in myeloid stem cells
what are the 3 phases of CML
chronic
accelerated
blast crisis
what is used to manage CML
tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs): adhearance is key, toxic side effects
allogenic bone marrow transplant: blast crisis
what is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells from the lymphoid stem cell
common in children
what are s&s of ALL
enlarged liver and spleen…pain
bone pain
CNS-crainial nerve palsies, headache, vomiting
what treatment is used for ALL
induction
consolidation
maintenance phases
corticosteroids
what is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
common malignancy in older adults…veterans of vietnam
dervided from malignant clone of b lymphocytes…most leukemic cells are fully mature
