Hepatitis

Question 1

what is hepatitis

Answer 1

a systemic viral infection characterized by necrosis and inflammation of liver cells

Question 2

what is phase 1 of hepatitis

Answer 2

viral replication phase

Question 3

what is phase 2 of hepatitis

Answer 3

pre-icteric/prodromal phase: Gi symptoms, fatigue, itching

Question 4

what is phase 3 of hepatitis

Answer 4

icteric phase: jaundice, bilirubin is reabsorbed (not excreted), dark urine, clay colored stools, abd pain, enlarged liver

Question 5

what is phase 4 of hepatitis

Answer 5

convalescent phase: healing

Question 6

s&s of hepatitis

Answer 6

ruq abd pain d/t enlarged liver
arthralgia or myalgia
diarrhea/constiption
jaundice (yellow sclera (icterus), light clay-colored stools, dark yellow/brownish urine)
fever
fatigue
malaise
anorexia
dry skin and puritis (bile salts)

Question 7

what liver enzymes are elevated with hepatitis

Answer 7

ALT
AST
alkaline phosphate
bilirubin

Question 8

what antibodies are present for hepatitis

Answer 8

hep a: anti-HAV
hep c: anti-HCV
hep d: anti-HDV
hep e: anti-HEV

Question 9

what surface antigens are present with hepatitis

Answer 9

hep a: HAV antigen in stool
hep b: HBsAg

Question 10

what is the transmission of hep a

Answer 10

fecal-oral route

Question 11

what are some characteristics of hep a

Answer 11

mild infection
not chronic
not life threatening
lasts 4-8 wks

Question 12

how to prevent hep a

Answer 12

vaccination
handwashing
avoid contaminated food/water
proper control of sewage disposal
receive immunoglobulin w/in 14 days of exposure

Question 13

how is hep b transmitted

Answer 13

sexual contact
blood-borne
maternal-neonatal

Question 14

who is at risk for transmission and chronic level of hep b

Answer 14

immunocompromised

Question 15

what do we co check for when we test for hep b

Answer 15

hep c

Question 16

how to prevent hep b

Answer 16

vaccination
hep b immunoglobulin
avoid high risk behaviors
standard precautions
barrier precautions

Question 17

how is hep c transmitted

Answer 17

blood to blood
sexual

Question 18

is hep c acute or chronic

Answer 18

chronic

Question 19

how to prevent hep c

Answer 19

standard precautions
safe-needle practices
avoid drug use
use barrier precautions

Question 20

how is hep d transmitted

Answer 20

parenteral
sexual

Question 21

when does hep d occur

Answer 21

with concurrent hep b infection only

Question 22

what can happen with hep d

Answer 22

acute hepatic failure and progress to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis

Question 23

how to prevent hep b

Answer 23

vaccine

Question 24

is there a vaccine for hep c

Answer 24

no

Question 25

how is hep e transmitted

Answer 25

fecal-oral route

Question 26

what are some characteristics of hep e

Answer 26

mild infection not life threatening not chronic

Question 27

how to prevent hep e

Answer 27

avoid contaminated food or water hand hygeine

Question 28

what nutrition teaching points for hepatitis

Answer 28

high carb and cal low protein small frequent meals avoid alc avoid tylenol

Question 29

what are some teaching points for hepatitis

Answer 29

manage fatigue prevent transmission avoid otc meds/herbal supplements encourage anti-viral meds