Infection Flashcards
what is an epidemic
more cases of disease than normal for area
what is a pandemic
worldwide epidemic
what is disseminated
one initial site to other areas
what are bacterial infections
1 cell organisms
attack and release toxins
t lymphocytes better to attack
what are viral infections
have a dormant period
b lymphocytes better to attack
what are fungal infections
dont usually cause overwhleming disease
HIV makes you more susceptible
sports and vaginal yeast infections
what are examples of parasitic or protozoa infections
lice
malaria
what are some secondary infections
vag yeast infection d/t antibiotics
bacteria sinusitis d/t virus
what are some healthcare acquired infections
surg site infections
UTI (CAUDI)
MRSA
CRE
pneumonias
Cdiff
what is the first part of the chain of infection
infectious agent: bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa
what is the 2nd part of the chain of infection
susceptible host: immunocompromised, post op pt, burn pt, elderly
what is the 3rd part of the chain of infection
portal of entry: mucous membrane, broken skin, gi/gu tract, caths, incisions
what is the 4th part of the chain of infection
mode of transmission: direct contact, ingestion, airborne
what is the 5th part of the chain of infection
portal of exit: excretions, secretions, skin, droplets, sneezing, coughing
what is the 6th part of the chain of infection
reservoir: where germ lives and grows…. people, h2o, equipment
how to break susceptible host chain
treat underlying disease
recognize high risk pts
how to break infectious agent chain
rapid accurate identification of organisms
how to break portal of entry chain
aseptic technique
cath care
wound care
how to break means of transmission chain
hand hygiene
sterilization
standard precautions
airflow control
food handling
isolation
how to break portal of exit chain
trash and waste disposal
control of excretions and secretions
hand hygiene
how to break reservoirs chain
disinfetion/sterilization
enviornmental sanitation
employee health
what do bacteria release to damage cells of host and initiate inflammatory response
endotoxins and exotoxins
what happens in compensation for infections
increased vasc permeability
fluid into tissues
decrease volume and fluid in vessels
decreased bp
increased HR
increased contractility
increased cardiac output
what happens with multisystem failure
if compensation fails
kidneys: decreased urine output
increased creatinine and BUN
how do older adults present when they have an infection
confusion and anorexia
lab tests done for infection
CBC w/ WBC differential (high neutrophils, shift to left…BAND neutrophils)
culture and sensitivity
CRP
ESR
serological tests- detect specific antibodies or viruses
what is shift to left
immature neutrophils released d/t demand
what is primary prevention of infection
hygiene
standard precautions
immunization
what is secondary prevention of infection
identify infection early to reduce transmission
what is tertiary prevention of infection
eradicate infection
prevent 2ndary infections
limit damage to body
use antimicrobials (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals)
nutrition
fluids
