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Neuro Week 2 > Infectious Neuropath > Flashcards

Infectious Neuropath Flashcards

1
Q

where does bacterial meningitis infection focus?

A

subarachnoid space

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2
Q

what happens to leptomeninges appearance in bacterial meningits?

A

cloudy/opaque appearance

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3
Q

what happens to blood vessels in subarachnoid space with bacterial meningitis?

A

swollen

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4
Q

what is the most common starting point for bacterial meningitis to spread from directly?

A

frontal sinuses

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5
Q

what is it called when bacterial meningitis occurs from blood?

A

bacteremia

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6
Q

name three neonate causes of bacterial meningitis

A

group B strep
e coli
listeria

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7
Q

name three child causes of bacterial meningitis

A

H flu
strep pneumo
n meningitis

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8
Q

name two adult bacterial meningitis causes

A

N meningitidis and strep pneumo

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9
Q

what is onset time for subacute meningitis?

A

weeks to months

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10
Q

what are symptoms of subacute meningitis?

A

fever headache meningismus and altered mental status

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11
Q

name three bugs to know for subacute meningitis

A

TB
cryptococcus
spirochetes

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12
Q

what are the spirochetes that can cause subacute meningitis?

A

syphilis and lyme disease

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13
Q

what is a non infectious cause of sub acute meningitis?

A

sarcoidosis

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14
Q

what portion of brain does TB involve?

A

base of brain

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15
Q

what does TB form in brain?

A

granulomas

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16
Q

what two things can reactivated TB lead to in brain?

A

tuberculoma and tuberculous meningitis

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17
Q

what is a tuberculoma?

A

huge mass…leads to mass effect and tissue destruction

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18
Q

what is tuberculous meningiis?

A

regular meningitis symptoms…cranial nerve issues, meningeal fibrosis and arteritis

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19
Q

what cells will you see in granulomas of TB in brain?

A

giant cells are common

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20
Q

what type of patient common to get cryptococcus meningitis?

A

immunocomp

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21
Q

what changes to meninges does cryptococcus meningitis cause?

A

meninges thickened and opicifiec with slimy consistency

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22
Q

what do you find in brain tissue of brain from cryptococcus meningitis?

A

sopa bubbles or cysts in intraparenchymal

23
Q

what three ways can brain abscesses form?

A

direct extension from sinuses/middle ear
or
implantation from trauma
or bacteremia

24
Q

what two locations are common for direct extension leading to brain abscess?

A

paranasal sinus and middle ear/mastoid cells

25
Q

bacteremia leads to one or multiple brain abscesses?

A

multiple usually at white/gray matter jxn

26
Q

what does brain abscess cause in brain?

A

mass effect

27
Q

what is the mass effect in the brain?

A

headache nausea vomiting from ICP increase…risk of herniation

28
Q

what is encephalitis?

A

diffuse inflammation of brain or brain and spinal cord

29
Q

what is inflammation of brain and spinal cord called?

A

encephalomyeltlis

30
Q

what is most common cause of encephalitis?

A

viruses

31
Q

what viruses are common in encephalitis?

A 
HSV1/2
Polio
Coxsackivirus
arboviruses
HIV
Rabies
enteroviruses
32
Q

what three pathology findings does encephalitis lead to?

A

necrosis or hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue
perivascular chronic inflammation
viral inclusions

33
Q

what is perivascular inflammation in encephalitis?

A

area around brain vessels is chronically inflammed with lots of cells surrounding it

34
Q

do you have stiff neck with meningitis or encephalitis?

A

meningitis

35
Q

what are main symptoms of viral encephalitis?

A

headache, coma, seizures, fever, lymphocytic infiltrates, brain necrosis

36
Q

what cells are active in encephalitis?

A

lymphocytes

37
Q

name two routes that can cause viral encephalitis?

A

axonal spread and viremia

38
Q

what viruses cause encephalitis by way of axon?

A

rabies

HSV1

39
Q

what viruses cause encephalitis by way of hematogenous spread?

A

enteroviruses and arboviruses

40
Q

HSV1 causes encephalitis where?

A

temporal and frontal lobes

41
Q

poliovirus causes encephalitis where?

A

anterior horn cells

42
Q

JC virus causes encephalitis where?

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

43
Q

rabies causes encephalitis where?

A

hippocampus and cerebellum

44
Q

VZV causes encephalitis where?

A

dorsal root gangli

45
Q

what is inclusion in neurons called with rabies virus?

A

Negri bodies

46
Q

what are negri bodies?

A

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions seen in neurons with rabies

47
Q

what is cysticercosis?

A

parasitic cause of encephalitis

48
Q

what is parasite that causes cysticercosis?

A

taenia solium

49
Q

where do we get taenia solium?

A

pork tapeworm

50
Q

what does cysticercosis cause in the CNS?

A

cyst formation

51
Q

how do we get primary amebic meningoencephalitis?

A

swimming in fresh water with the amoebae…enters nasal cavity and then enters CNS through cribiform plate

52
Q

how to treat amebic meningoencephalitis?

A

amphotericin B

53
Q

what bug causes amebic meningoencephalitis?

A

Naegleria fowleri

Neuro Week 2 (14 decks)

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