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Neuro Week 2 > CNS Micro > Flashcards

CNS Micro Flashcards

1
Q

are levels of complement low or high in CNS?

A

low

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2
Q

what cell of the CNS regulates the immune response?

A

astrocytes

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3
Q

what cell of the CNS is a macrophage?

A

microglia

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4
Q

what cytokine do astrocytes make?

A

TGF-b

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5
Q

can T cells enter the BBB if they are unactivated?

A

no must be activated to enter

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6
Q

what is the rule for B cell to enter BBB?

A

BBB must be inflamed

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7
Q

what antibody is mainly in the CNS?

A

IgG

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8
Q

what are three child causes of bacterial meningitis?

A

E coli
Group B strep
listeria monocytogene

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9
Q

what are two adult causes of bacterial meningitis?

A

strep pneumo and neisserie meningitidis

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10
Q

what is the structure of E coli?

A

encapsulated rods

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11
Q

is E coli gram pos or neg?

A

negative

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12
Q

if H flu gram neg or pos?

A

negative

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13
Q

what is the structure of H flu?

A

encapsulated coccobacilli

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14
Q

what is structure of streptococcus agalactiae?

A

encapsulated cocci in chains

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15
Q

is strep agalactiae gram neg or pos?

A

pos

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16
Q

what type of hemolysis in strep agalactiae?

A

beta hemolytic

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17
Q

what is structure of strep pneumo?

A

encapsulated diplococci

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18
Q

is strep pneumo gram neg or pos?

A

pos

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19
Q

what type of hemolysis in strep pneumo?

A

aplpha

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20
Q

what is structure of staph A?

A

encapsulated cocci in clusters

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21
Q

is staph A gram neg or pos?

A

pos

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22
Q

what type of hemolysis in staph A?

A

beta hemolysis

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23
Q

what is the structure of mycobacterium TB?

A

acid fast bacilli

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24
Q

what is structure of listeria monocytogenes?

A

facultative intracellular rods…no capsule

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25
Q

is listeria monocytogenes gram neg or pos?

A

pos

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26
Q

what is structure of neisseria meningitidis?

A

encapsulated diplococci

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27
Q

is neisseria menigitidis gram neg or pos?

A

neg

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28
Q

where is neiserrie menigitidis commonly found?

A

respiratory tract

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29
Q

what is the yeast that can cause menigitis?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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30
Q

what is the structure of cryptococcus neoformans?

A

encapsulated round yeast

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31
Q

where do we pick up cryptococcus neoformans?

A

inhaled pigeon shit

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32
Q

what is the one type of infection that leas to a cloudy colored CSF?

A

bacterial

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33
Q

what three infection types lead to elevated opening pressure of subarachnoid space?

A

bacterial
fungal
TB

34
Q

what infection type does not lead to elevated opening pressure

A

viral

35
Q

what cell type is elevated in bacterial menigitis?

A

PMNs

36
Q

what cell type is elevated in viral meningitis?

A

lymphocytes

37
Q

what happens to protein in bacterial meningitis?

A

protein is up

38
Q

what happens to glucose in bacterial, Tb and fungal meningitis?

A

is down because immune cells using it up to fight

39
Q

what was the issue with the neisseria mengitidis vaccine originally?

A

it did not cover the B group capsule so you could still get infected with that strand

40
Q

what does the new N. meningitidis vaccine cover?

A

the B group capsule

41
Q

what type of vaccine is the N. meningitidis B?

A

protein based

42
Q

meningococcal meningitis leads to what in CSF?

A

super high levels of the bug, cloudy CSF, elevated opening pressure, high PMNs, elevated protein and decreased glucose

43
Q

what happens to skin with meningococcal meningitis?

A

get non blanching petechial rash

44
Q

how does listeria get into CNS?

A

retrograde transmission along the cranial nerves, especially those in oral cavity

45
Q

what is abnormal about CSF in listeria meningitis?

A

not usual findings…no cloudiness and no PMN elevations

46
Q

what is listeria meningitis associated with?

A

atypical sub acute course…leading to abnormal movements, seizures and loss of consciousness

47
Q

what is the structure of enteroviruses?

A

SS +RNA

48
Q

are enteroviruses enveloped?

A

non enveloped

49
Q

what enteroviruses can lead to CNS infection?

A

polio and coxsackie viruses

50
Q

what is transmission of polio virus?

A

fecal to oral

51
Q

how does polio spread to CNS?

A

via motor neurons in the GI tract

52
Q

what are the two vaccines for polio? which is used now?

A

SAlk and Sabin…salk used now

53
Q

what virus associated with animals is common to cause CNS issues?

A

rabies virus

54
Q

what is structure of rabies virus?

A

ss negative sense RNA

55
Q

is rabies virus enveloped?

A

enveloped

56
Q

how does rabies virus reach the CNS?

A

retrograde movement from bite site along a peripheral nerve

57
Q

what is the histologic finding in rabies?

A

Negri bodies

58
Q

what do negri bodies look like?

A

cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons…little bumps

59
Q

what are symptoms of rabies?

A

acute progressive encephalitis….fever headache dysphagia

60
Q

what are the viruses associated with the togaviridae class that can affect CNS?

A

eastern/western equine enceph

venzuelan equine enceph

61
Q

what are the viruses associated with flaviviridae that can affect CNS ?

A

west nile and zika

62
Q

what is structure of viruses in flaviviridae and togaviridae families?

A

pos sense ssRNA with envelope

63
Q

what is gene type of herpes viruses?

A

ds DNA

64
Q

are herpes viruses enveloped??

A

yes they are

65
Q

what are the two herpes simplex viruses that can lead to CNS issues?

A

HSV1 and HSV2

66
Q

who is at risk for severe disease from HSV1/2?

A

neonates with mother who has primary infection late in pregnancy

67
Q

where does HSV1 and 2 remain latent?

A

in neuronal cell bodies

68
Q

how do HSV1 and 2 get into neuronal cell bodies?

A

break through keratin in skin and do retrograde transport along neurons

69
Q

what can HSV1/2 cause in CNS?

A

only encephalitis…no meningitis

70
Q

how does HSV1/2 spread?

A

anterograde transport from neuron cell bodies leads to viral replication in epithelial cells

71
Q

what can happen to eye in HSV infection?

A

corneal scarring

72
Q

what can induce HSV1 reactivatiom?

A

stress…nerve damage…sunlight..illness

73
Q

what does HSV1 reactivation look like on skin?

A

vesicles on erythematous base

74
Q

HSV meningitis has what special thing in CSF?

A

RBCs!! with elevated lymphocytes too

75
Q

where does latency of VZV occur?

A

in ganglia of cervical, lumbar and thoracic ganglia

76
Q

reactivated VZV looks like what? is called?

A

shingles…dermatomal rash

77
Q

what is drug used to treat HSV?

A

acyclovir

78
Q

what must happen to acyclovir when you give it?

A

needs to be activated

79
Q

what activates acyclovir?

A

HSV thymidine kinase…adds to its specificity

80
Q

what is the more active form of acyclovir that you can give?

A

valacyclovir

81
Q

what is the drug used to treat CMV?

A

ganciclovir

82
Q

how does ganciclovir work?

A

activated by CMV kinase and chain termination of DNA synthesis

Neuro Week 2 (14 decks)

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