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Neuro Week 2 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerves come off the midbrain?

A

3 and 4

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2
Q

what cranial nerves come off the pons?

A

5678

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3
Q

what cranial nerves come off the medulla

A

9,10,11,12

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4
Q

what cranial nerves have motor function?

A 
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
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5
Q

what cranial nerve have somatosensory fxn?

A

5
7
9
10

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6
Q

what cranial nerves have special sensory fxn?

A 
1
2
8
7
9
10
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7
Q

what cranial nerves have parasymp fxn?

A

3
7
9
10

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8
Q

where does the olfactory nerve send information in the brain? 2 locations

A

into the cortex and the limbic system

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9
Q

where does the optic nerve send information?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus and then visual cortex

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10
Q

what are the two fxns of the occulomotor nerve?

A

motor and parasympathetic

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11
Q

what is the motor action of the occulomotor nerve?

A

innervation to superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles and the inferior oblique muscle of the eye
and the levator palpebrae

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12
Q

where is the brainstem nucleus for the occulomotor nerve motor portion?

A

occulomotor nucleus

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13
Q

where is the brainstem nucleus for the occulomotor parasympathetic portion?

A

edinger westphal nucleus

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14
Q

what is the parasympathetic fxn of the occulomotor nerve?

A

pupillary constriction and lens accomodation

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15
Q

where do the parasympathetic info from the occulomotor go to release their effects?

A

ciliary ganglia

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16
Q

if you damage C3, how does eye appear?

A

eyelid droop with eye looking down and out and pupillary dilation

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17
Q

where are the occulomotor nerve nuclei located in the midbrain?

A

close to the cerebral aqueduct in the dorsal portion

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18
Q

what vessel supplies the nuclei of the occulomotor nerve?

A

PCA

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19
Q

what is the action of the trochlear nerve?

A

only motor

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20
Q

what is the motor target of the trochlear nerve?

A

superior oblique of the eye

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21
Q

where do the nuclei of the trochlear nerve live?

A

in the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain

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22
Q

if trochlear nerve is damaged, what happens to eye?

A

it will pull up and in

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23
Q

where is the trochlear nucleus located in the midbrain?

A

dorsal portion close to cerebral aqueduct

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24
Q

what vessel serves the trochlear nucleus?

A

PCA

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25
Q

what is unique about the trochlear nerve as it leaves the trochlear nucleus?

A

it heads dorsally and decussates posterior to the cerebral aqueduct

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26
Q

where is the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

pons

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27
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the trigeminal?

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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28
Q

what types of function does trigeminal carry?

A

motor and somatosensory

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29
Q

what does the trigeminal provide motor innervation to?

A

muscles of mastication

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30
Q

what does the trigeminal provise somatosensory to?

A

face, nasal/oral cavity, meninges and cornea of the eye

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31
Q

what part of the eye does the trigeminal nerve provide sensation to?

A

cornea

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32
Q

what is CN V palsy?

A

abnormal corneal reflex

weakness of muscles of mastication and loss of somatosensation

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33
Q

what are the two nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus

main nucleus of trigeminal

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34
Q

what does the main nucleus of the trigeminal carry?

A

touch, vibration

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35
Q

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus have?

A

pain/temp

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36
Q

where is the main nucleus of the trigeminal located?

A

in the lateral part of the pons

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37
Q

what vessel serves the main nucleus of the trigeminal?

A

AICA

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38
Q

aside from the muscles of mastication, what does the trigeminal motor nucleus provide innervation to?

A

tensor tympani muscle

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39
Q

where is the abducens nerve connected to the brainstem?

A

the pontomedullary junction

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40
Q

is the abducens nerve lateral or medial at the pontomedullary junction?

A

it is the most medial

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41
Q

what function does the abducens nerve carry?

A

only motor

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42
Q

what muscle does the abducens nerve innervate?

A

lateral rectus of the eye

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43
Q

damage to the abducens nerve leads to what physical exam sign?

A

when patient asked to look laterally the eye stays midline

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44
Q

where is the nuclei of the abducens nerve located in the pons?

A

medial portion

45
Q

what vessel serves the abducens nuclei in the pons?

A

pontine

46
Q

what functions does the facial nerve carry?

A

motor
somatosensory and
parasympathetic

47
Q

what is the motor function of the facial nerve?

A

muscles of facial expression and stapedius muscle

48
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the facial nerve?

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue

49
Q

what is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve?

A

salivary and lacrimal glands via the submandibular and pterrygopalantine ganglia

50
Q

what can the motor part of the facial nerve cause with the eye?

A

eye lid to close

51
Q

clinically what do you see with damage to facial nerve?

A

one side of face is paralyzed

52
Q

what portion of the pons is the facial nucleus located in?

A

medial portion

53
Q

what vessel serves the facial nucleus in the pons?

A

pontine

54
Q

what is unique about the motor innervation of the face?

A

it has UMN control from the cortex

55
Q

if the UMN for facial control is knocked out, what happens?

A

there is facial paralysis contralaterally but only on the lower half of the face

56
Q

why does UMN injury of facial motor innervation only lead to lower contralateral face paralysis?

A

because there is ipsilateral backup for the upper face region in the cortex

57
Q

what are the two nerves involved in the corneal reflex?

A

V for sensation

VII for motor

58
Q

cranial nerve has what functions?

A

sensory only

59
Q

what are the two nuclei of the vestibulocochlear?

A

cochlear nucleus

vestibular nucleus

60
Q

what are the two main sensory roles of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

hearing and proprioception and balance

61
Q

what are symptoms of damage to vestibulocochlear nerve>

A

loss of hearing, nausea and vertigo

62
Q

what portion of the pons do the vestibulocochlear nuclei reside?

A

lateral posterior

63
Q

what is the blood supply for the vestibulocochlear nuclei?

A

AICA

64
Q

what are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

somatosensation
special sensory
parasympathetic
motot

65
Q

what is the special sense that glossopharyngeal has?

A

sens of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

66
Q

what is the parasympathetic activity the glossopharyngeal has?

A

salivary glands

67
Q

what is the motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

stylopharyngeus innervation

68
Q

what is the somatosensory info that the glossopharyngeal carries?

A

from tongue and pharynx, and carotid body/sinus

69
Q

what is the reflex that is involved with glossopharyngeal?

A

gag reflex

70
Q

where is the glossopharyngeal nuclei located in the medulla?

A

lateral portion, outside of olives

71
Q

what are the three nuclei that the glossopharyngeal uses?

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus
nucleus solitarius
and
ambiguus nucleus

72
Q

what vessel serves the glossopharyngeal nuclei?

A

PICA

73
Q

what are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A

sensory
motor
parasympathetic

74
Q

what is the sensory function of the vagus?

A

larynx, pharynx, aortic body/arch

75
Q

what is the motor function of the vagus?

A

soft palate, pharynx and larynx

76
Q

what nerve is involved in speaking?

A

vagus

77
Q

what nerve is in charge of swallowing?

A

vagus

78
Q

what is the parasympathetic function of the vagus?

A

to respiratory, GI and CV

79
Q

what are the three clinical symptoms of vagus nerve damage?

A

abnormal gag reflex, dysphagia and hoarseness

80
Q

what are the nuclei used by the sensory portion of the vagus?

A

nucleus solitariu and spinal trigeminal nuclei

81
Q

what is the nucleus used by vagus motor?

A

nucleus ambiguus

82
Q

where are the nuclei of the vagus located?

A

lateral portion of medulla outside of olives

83
Q

what vessel serves nuclei of vagus?

A

PICA

84
Q

what functions are carried by spinal accessory?

A

motor to trapezius and SCM

85
Q

what does spinal accessory damage lead to

A

weak shoulder shrug and weak head turn to opposite side of lesion

86
Q

is the weakness in head turn on the same side or opposite side of lesion?

A

opposite side of lesion

87
Q

what functions does the hypoglossal nerve carry?

A

motor to tongue muscles

88
Q

what nuclei does the hypoglossal nerve use?

A

hypoglossal nuclei

89
Q

where does the nuclei of the hypoglossal reside?

A

in the posterior portion of the medulla within the pyramid

90
Q

what vessel supplies the hypoglossal nucleus?

A

anterior spinal

91
Q

lesion to the hypoglossal nerve leads to what?

A

deviation of tongue to same side as lesion

92
Q

how many neurons are in the ascending tract for cranial nerves?

A

3

93
Q

what is nerve 1 in ascending tract for cranial nerves?

A

the cranial nerve

94
Q

what is nerve 2 in the ascending tract for cranial nerves?

A

sensory CN nucleus nerve

95
Q

what nerve in the ascending tract of cranial nerves decussates?

A

neuron 2

96
Q

where does the second neuron in the ascending tract project for cranial nerves?

A

to the VPM of the thalamus

97
Q

where does the 3rd neuron in the ascending tract for cranial nerves start and end?

A

starts in VPM of thalamus and ends in somatosensory cortex

98
Q

what nuclei carry almost all of the somatosensation coming from the face

A

CN V

99
Q

what two locations is the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

A

pons and medulla

100
Q

what two sensations is the spinal trigeminal nucleus in charge of?

A

pain and temperature

101
Q

what two sensations are the chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminal in charge of?

A

fine touch and vibration

102
Q

what is the name of the descending path for cranial nerves?

A

corticobulbar tract

103
Q

how many nerves in the corticobulbar tract?

A

2

104
Q

where is neuron 1 in the corticbulbar tract?

A

precentral gyrus

105
Q

what is another name for neuron 1 in corticobulbar tract?

A

upper motor neuron

106
Q

what nerve decussates in the corticobulbar tract?

A

upper motor neuron

107
Q

where is neuron 2 in the corticobulbar tract

A

cranial nerve motor nuclei to the muscle

108
Q

what is neuron 2 of corticobulbar tract called?

A

LMN

Neuro Week 2 (14 decks)

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