Infectious Disease Flashcards
1
Q
How do B and T cells differ in neonates?
A
Normal and quantity but less efficient
2
Q
There are some gram negative organisms?
A
Gram-negative bacilli, e coli, club Cielo, pseudomonas
3
Q
List foir gram positive organisms?
A
Streptococcus staphylococcus and taro caucus listeria myobacteria
4
Q
What is the hallmark right of symptoms and older kids with viral meningitis?
A
Fever, headache, altered LOC
5
Q
What can be given for PCP prophylaxis
A
Bactrim or pentamidine
6
Q
How do steroids affect your CRP?
A
Lowers it
7
Q
The most common bacterial organisms in bacterial meningitis of neonates?
A
Group B strip, e coli, listeria
8
Q
What is the treatment for CMV in immunocompromised patients?
A
Valgancyclovir which is the prodrug for ganciclovir
9
Q
When are amino glycosides used?
A
Sepsis, endocarditis, UTIs
10
Q
What is the antibiotic treatment for meningococcemia?
A
Third generation cephalosporins such as subtraction or cephalexin
11
Q
What is used to treat strep pneumonia?
A
High doses amoxicillin
12
Q
What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis and neonates?
A
Ampicillin and gentamicin or cephfotaxim with acyclovir
13
Q
What are four antibiotics that can be used to treat MRSA?
A
Bactrim, clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin
14
Q
What occurs to the CSF WBC’s in a viral and bacterial infection?
A
Bacteria there will be greater than 1,000, viral less than 500
15
Q
Concern of increased ICP what should you do prior to the lumbar puncture?
A
CT scan
16
Q
What is vancomycin used to treat?
A
MRSA or MRSE
17
Q
Supportive treatment is used for dente but what agents need to be avoided?
A
Aspir in and or NSAID due to the risk of DIC
18
Q
What cephalosporin is used for surgical prophylaxis?
A
First generation such as cephalexin
19
Q
What is the treatment for typhoid?
A
Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin
20
Q
What is an example of a glycopeptide?
A
Vancomycin
21
Q
What differentiates CMV from EBV?
A
CMV does not have pharyngitis, tonsillitis or splenomegaly
22
Q
What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia?
A
Strep pneumonia
23
Q
To qualify as SIRS patients need two or more of what four qualities?
A
Temperature greater than 38 or less than 36
Tachycardia greater than 2 cm above age norm
New respiratory rate greater than two standard deviations above age norm or mechanical ventilation for an acute process
Leukocyte count elevated or depressed for age
24
Q
What is used to treat otitis media?
A
Amoxicillin
25
What antibiotic is used for bacterial prophylaxis, UTIs, otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections?
Penicillins
26
What test to text presence of macrolide inducible resistance to clindamycin?
D test
27
What is diagnostic for disseminated intravascular coagulation?
D- dimer presence
28
When should you add acyclovir in the treatment of neonatal sepsis?
CSF pleocytosis, maternal prolonged rupture of membranes, primary maternal HSV infection, seizures
29
What is used to treat skin and softer shoe infections?
First generation cephalosporin, clindamycin, bactrim, vancomycin
30
What is the pathophysiology of typhoid?
Widespread bacteremia and endotoxin release
31
What are the most common organisms to cause skin and soft tissue infections?
Staph aureus and group a strep
32
What medication should be avoided when a patient has influenza?
Solicitor containing medications such as aspirin due to the risk of reye's syndrome
33
What disorder presents with bleeding followed by thrombosis and tissue ischemia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
34
What is an example of a sulfonamide?
Bactrim
35
What is the second most common STI in the US?
Necessaria gonorrhea
36
What is an example of a fluoroquinolone?
Cipro, levofloxacin
37
What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
Amoxicillin for children younger than eight doxycycline for children greater than eight
14 to 21 days or 21 to 28 days for severe disease
38
Comment on the infection presentation of CMV
Primary infection or virus goes to organs of kidney, lungs, liver, brain followed by secondary infection which is a reactivation scene in the setting of immunodeficiency
39
Christmas common cause of bacterial meningitis and children greater than 2 years of age?
And meningitides, s pneumonia, h influenzae
40
Just the ESR or CRP rise faster in response to infection?
CRP
41
Who needs prophylaxis after exposure to a patient with meningococcemia? What is the prophylactic treatment?
Close contacts and healthcare workers
Ciprofloxacin or rocephin
42
What are patients with untreated Rocky mountain spotted fever at risk for?
D i c and septic like picture
43
Define fever of unknown origin?
Fever greater than 38.3, lasting for at least 8 days and up to 3 weeks with no apparent clinical diagnosis
44
In high risk patient with fever and neutropenia what do you need to be sure to cover with antibiotics?
Gram negative organisms, strep viridans and pseudomonas
45
When managing septic shock what is your goal CVP?
10 to 12
46
What does CMV cause in neonates when pass congenitally from mother to infant?
Hearing loss, ocular damage, ocular motor dysfunction
47
What are the most common organisms causing sepsis in the neonate?
Group B strep, listeria monocytogenes, e coli
48
Who's the most common source of infection in young infants? In fever without a source
Group B strep the stereo monocytogenes, salmonella, e coli
49
What is Kehr's sign?
Sign of splenic rupture
50
To be classified as severe sepsis what needs to be seen?
Cardiovascular organ dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, two or more other organ dysfunctions
51
What is a normal glucose and what happens during a viral or bacterial infection in the CSF?
Normal is 50 to 75
Normal to low in viral
Low in bacterial
52
What is most commonly causing otitis media?
Struck pneumonia, h influenza
53
What kind of illness is dengue?
Viral
54
What's cephalospotin is used for meningitis or sepsis? Why
Third generation such as cephalexin or ceftriaxone as it crosses the blood brain barrier
55
What is Malaria caused by?
Plasmodium
56
What is the most common antibiotic therapy in bone and joint infections?
Cefazoline or clindamycin
57
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Penicillin g
58
What what malignancy is our associated with EBV?
Lymphoma, B cell tumors
59
What are the two antibiotic combos that can be used in the treatment of neonatal sepsis?
Gentamicin and ampicillin or ampicillin and cephalexin
60
There's most common cause of bacterial meningitis in young children?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, N meningititidis, groupie strip, H. influenza
61
What are examples of macrolides?
Erythromycin or clarithromycin
62
What should be used in a community acquired pneumonia if MRSA is suspected?
Add staff coverage using vancomycin or clindamycin
63
What is the first line therapy for HSV?
Acyclovir
64
What causes typhoid?
Salmonella enterica
65
What is the most common organism in viral meningitis?
Enterovirus
66
What is a synonym for the target lesions associated with Lyme disease?
Erythema migrans
67
When is Cipro used?
UTIs, bacterial diarrhea, soft tissue or bone infections
68
What is the severe outcome of mononucleosis?
Uncontrolled proliferation of B cells and lymphobliferative disease
69
What qualifies as septic shock?
An adult's severe sepsis with refractory hypotension, and children sepsis in the presence of cardiovascular dysfunction
70
What is the treatment for gonorrhea?
Intramuscular ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or doxycycline
71
What is an example of a beta-lactam?
Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems
72
Where's the most common STI in the US?
Chlamydia
73
When should vancomycin or linezolid be used in a patient that is febrile and neutropenic?
Cellulitis or pneumonia
74
What bacterial infection has a rapid onset of severe symptoms such as fever, altered mental status, poor perfusion, purpura, irritability?
Neisseria meningititidis
75
What are examples of amino glycosides?
Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
76
But it's most common source of infection in a patient with fever without a source in the older infant or toddler?
Salmonella, neisseria meningititides streptococcus pneumonia
77
What are the clinical criteria for toxic shock syndrome?
Fever greater than 39, diffuse fresh, desquamation of palms and souls wanted two weeks after onset, hypotension, multisystem involvement of at least three organ systems
78
What is the antibiotic treatment for toxic shock syndrome?
Broad spectrum with ceftriaxone and vancomycin
79
How is dengue transmitted?
Mosquitoes
80
What is the treatment of meningitis in an older child?
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin
81
What unique tick born disease causes a rash on the wrist ankles palms and soles that spreads to the trunk?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
82
What cephalosporin is used in sepsis and febrile neutropenia?
Cefepime or other fourth generation cephalosporin
83
What antibiotic monotherapy can be used in a fever and neutropenia patient?
Penicillin, fourth generation cephalosporum, or cartapenum
84
What is the treatment for Rocky mountain spotted fever?
Doxycycline
85
What is the prophylaxis for malaria?
Doxycycline, tetracycline, clindamycin
86
How is malaria diagnosed?
Blood smears repeated every 12 to 24 hours if test is negative
87
What is the most common organism causing bone and joint infections?
Staph aureus
88
What causes syphilis?
Spirochete treponema pallidum
89
What should be used if a resistant organism is suspected in an infected fever and neutropenia patient?
Gram positive and anaerobic coverage such as gentamicin and or zosyn
90
What is criteria for diagnosis of fever with neutropenia?
Single temperature greater than 38.3 or 38.0 for greater than 1 hour with an ANC ess than 500
91
When do you need inotropic support?
Cold or warm shock
92
What is a normal protein and what happens when a viral or bacterial is present in the CSF?
Normal protein is 15 to 45 becomes elevated when infected
93
List 3 gram negative bacteria?
E coli, pseudomonas, neisseria, salmonella, haemophilus influenza B
94
When do we see fungal infections?
Immunocompromised hosts, neonates and critically ill children on long-term antibiotics
95
What are the three stages of Lyme disease?
Early dissemination, late disease, latent dissemination
96
What three kinds of infections will cause fever without other symptoms and can be serious?
Bactoremia, UTI, pneumonia
97
What bacteria causes meningococcemia?
Neisseria meningititidis
98
What is a negative outcome of administering cipro?
Tendon rupture
99
What bacteria are responsible for toxic shock syndrome?
Staph aureus and strep pyrogenes
100
What is the difference between sepsis and SIRS or systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
Sepsis is s i r s nope with a known or suspected infection
101
What does significant RBC's on a good lumbar puncture indicate?
HSV
102
What are some systemic infections most commonly associated with fever of unknown origin in children?
Salmonella, tuberculosis, syphilis, Lyme disease, cat scratch disease, , mono, CMV, viral hepatitis, malaria, toxoplasmosis
103
What are the two meningial signs?
Kernig and brudzinski
104
What balactam is used to treat mixed aerobic / anaerobic infections, ESBL infections, febrile neutropenia?
Meropenem and other carbapenems
105
How is chlamydia treated?
Azithromycin or doxycycline
106
When should antifungal coverage be added in a patient that is febrile and neutropenic?
Fever persisting for 4 to 7 days after starting broad spectrum antibiotics
107
What is given to address coagulation issues associated with DIC?
Vitamin k, cryo precipitate, FFP, platelets
108
In what patients is parvovirus particularly dangerous?
Risk of transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell, sphero cytosis, G6PD deficiency
109
What does severe disease of malaria look like?
Hypotension, renal failure, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis
110
What is the treatment for meningitis in infants?
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone with acyclovir
