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CPNP- AC > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How do B and T cells differ in neonates?

A

Normal and quantity but less efficient

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2
Q

There are some gram negative organisms?

A

Gram-negative bacilli, e coli, club Cielo, pseudomonas

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3
Q

List foir gram positive organisms?

A

Streptococcus staphylococcus and taro caucus listeria myobacteria

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4
Q

What is the hallmark right of symptoms and older kids with viral meningitis?

A

Fever, headache, altered LOC

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5
Q

What can be given for PCP prophylaxis

A

Bactrim or pentamidine

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6
Q

How do steroids affect your CRP?

A

Lowers it

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7
Q

The most common bacterial organisms in bacterial meningitis of neonates?

A

Group B strip, e coli, listeria

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8
Q

What is the treatment for CMV in immunocompromised patients?

A

Valgancyclovir which is the prodrug for ganciclovir

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9
Q

When are amino glycosides used?

A

Sepsis, endocarditis, UTIs

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10
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for meningococcemia?

A

Third generation cephalosporins such as subtraction or cephalexin

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11
Q

What is used to treat strep pneumonia?

A

High doses amoxicillin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis and neonates?

A

Ampicillin and gentamicin or cephfotaxim with acyclovir

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13
Q

What are four antibiotics that can be used to treat MRSA?

A

Bactrim, clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin

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14
Q

What occurs to the CSF WBC’s in a viral and bacterial infection?

A

Bacteria there will be greater than 1,000, viral less than 500

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15
Q

Concern of increased ICP what should you do prior to the lumbar puncture?

A

CT scan

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16
Q

What is vancomycin used to treat?

A

MRSA or MRSE

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17
Q

Supportive treatment is used for dente but what agents need to be avoided?

A

Aspir in and or NSAID due to the risk of DIC

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18
Q

What cephalosporin is used for surgical prophylaxis?

A

First generation such as cephalexin

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19
Q

What is the treatment for typhoid?

A

Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

What is an example of a glycopeptide?

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

What differentiates CMV from EBV?

A

CMV does not have pharyngitis, tonsillitis or splenomegaly

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumonia

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23
Q

To qualify as SIRS patients need two or more of what four qualities?

A

Temperature greater than 38 or less than 36

Tachycardia greater than 2 cm above age norm

New respiratory rate greater than two standard deviations above age norm or mechanical ventilation for an acute process

Leukocyte count elevated or depressed for age

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24
Q

What is used to treat otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

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25
Q

What antibiotic is used for bacterial prophylaxis, UTIs, otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections?

A

Penicillins

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26
Q

What test to text presence of macrolide inducible resistance to clindamycin?

A

D test

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27
Q

What is diagnostic for disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

D- dimer presence

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28
Q

When should you add acyclovir in the treatment of neonatal sepsis?

A

CSF pleocytosis, maternal prolonged rupture of membranes, primary maternal HSV infection, seizures

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29
Q

What is used to treat skin and softer shoe infections?

A

First generation cephalosporin, clindamycin, bactrim, vancomycin

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30
Q

What is the pathophysiology of typhoid?

A

Widespread bacteremia and endotoxin release

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31
Q

What are the most common organisms to cause skin and soft tissue infections?

A

Staph aureus and group a strep

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32
Q

What medication should be avoided when a patient has influenza?

A

Solicitor containing medications such as aspirin due to the risk of reye’s syndrome

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33
Q

What disorder presents with bleeding followed by thrombosis and tissue ischemia

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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34
Q

What is an example of a sulfonamide?

A

Bactrim

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35
Q

What is the second most common STI in the US?

A

Necessaria gonorrhea

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36
Q

What is an example of a fluoroquinolone?

A

Cipro, levofloxacin

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37
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Amoxicillin for children younger than eight doxycycline for children greater than eight

14 to 21 days or 21 to 28 days for severe disease

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38
Q

Comment on the infection presentation of CMV

A

Primary infection or virus goes to organs of kidney, lungs, liver, brain followed by secondary infection which is a reactivation scene in the setting of immunodeficiency

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39
Q

Christmas common cause of bacterial meningitis and children greater than 2 years of age?

A

And meningitides, s pneumonia, h influenzae

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40
Q

Just the ESR or CRP rise faster in response to infection?

A

CRP

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41
Q

Who needs prophylaxis after exposure to a patient with meningococcemia? What is the prophylactic treatment?

A

Close contacts and healthcare workers

Ciprofloxacin or rocephin

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42
Q

What are patients with untreated Rocky mountain spotted fever at risk for?

A

D i c and septic like picture

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43
Q

Define fever of unknown origin?

A

Fever greater than 38.3, lasting for at least 8 days and up to 3 weeks with no apparent clinical diagnosis

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44
Q

In high risk patient with fever and neutropenia what do you need to be sure to cover with antibiotics?

A

Gram negative organisms, strep viridans and pseudomonas

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45
Q

When managing septic shock what is your goal CVP?

A

10 to 12

46
Q

What does CMV cause in neonates when pass congenitally from mother to infant?

A

Hearing loss, ocular damage, ocular motor dysfunction

47
Q

What are the most common organisms causing sepsis in the neonate?

A

Group B strep, listeria monocytogenes, e coli

48
Q

Who’s the most common source of infection in young infants? In fever without a source

A

Group B strep the stereo monocytogenes, salmonella, e coli

49
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A

Sign of splenic rupture

50
Q

To be classified as severe sepsis what needs to be seen?

A

Cardiovascular organ dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, two or more other organ dysfunctions

51
Q

What is a normal glucose and what happens during a viral or bacterial infection in the CSF?

A

Normal is 50 to 75

Normal to low in viral
Low in bacterial

52
Q

What is most commonly causing otitis media?

A

Struck pneumonia, h influenza

53
Q

What kind of illness is dengue?

A

Viral

54
Q

What’s cephalospotin is used for meningitis or sepsis? Why

A

Third generation such as cephalexin or ceftriaxone as it crosses the blood brain barrier

55
Q

What is Malaria caused by?

A

Plasmodium

56
Q

What is the most common antibiotic therapy in bone and joint infections?

A

Cefazoline or clindamycin

57
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Penicillin g

58
Q

What what malignancy is our associated with EBV?

A

Lymphoma, B cell tumors

59
Q

What are the two antibiotic combos that can be used in the treatment of neonatal sepsis?

A

Gentamicin and ampicillin or ampicillin and cephalexin

60
Q

There’s most common cause of bacterial meningitis in young children?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, N meningititidis, groupie strip, H. influenza

61
Q

What are examples of macrolides?

A

Erythromycin or clarithromycin

62
Q

What should be used in a community acquired pneumonia if MRSA is suspected?

A

Add staff coverage using vancomycin or clindamycin

63
Q

What is the first line therapy for HSV?

A

Acyclovir

64
Q

What causes typhoid?

A

Salmonella enterica

65
Q

What is the most common organism in viral meningitis?

A

Enterovirus

66
Q

What is a synonym for the target lesions associated with Lyme disease?

A

Erythema migrans

67
Q

When is Cipro used?

A

UTIs, bacterial diarrhea, soft tissue or bone infections

68
Q

What is the severe outcome of mononucleosis?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of B cells and lymphobliferative disease

69
Q

What qualifies as septic shock?

A

An adult’s severe sepsis with refractory hypotension, and children sepsis in the presence of cardiovascular dysfunction

70
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or doxycycline

71
Q

What is an example of a beta-lactam?

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems

72
Q

Where’s the most common STI in the US?

A

Chlamydia

73
Q

When should vancomycin or linezolid be used in a patient that is febrile and neutropenic?

A

Cellulitis or pneumonia

74
Q

What bacterial infection has a rapid onset of severe symptoms such as fever, altered mental status, poor perfusion, purpura, irritability?

A

Neisseria meningititidis

75
Q

What are examples of amino glycosides?

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

76
Q

But it’s most common source of infection in a patient with fever without a source in the older infant or toddler?

A

Salmonella, neisseria meningititides streptococcus pneumonia

77
Q

What are the clinical criteria for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Fever greater than 39, diffuse fresh, desquamation of palms and souls wanted two weeks after onset, hypotension, multisystem involvement of at least three organ systems

78
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Broad spectrum with ceftriaxone and vancomycin

79
Q

How is dengue transmitted?

A

Mosquitoes

80
Q

What is the treatment of meningitis in an older child?

A

Ceftriaxone and vancomycin

81
Q

What unique tick born disease causes a rash on the wrist ankles palms and soles that spreads to the trunk?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

82
Q

What cephalosporin is used in sepsis and febrile neutropenia?

A

Cefepime or other fourth generation cephalosporin

83
Q

What antibiotic monotherapy can be used in a fever and neutropenia patient?

A

Penicillin, fourth generation cephalosporum, or cartapenum

84
Q

What is the treatment for Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Doxycycline

85
Q

What is the prophylaxis for malaria?

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline, clindamycin

86
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

Blood smears repeated every 12 to 24 hours if test is negative

87
Q

What is the most common organism causing bone and joint infections?

A

Staph aureus

88
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Spirochete treponema pallidum

89
Q

What should be used if a resistant organism is suspected in an infected fever and neutropenia patient?

A

Gram positive and anaerobic coverage such as gentamicin and or zosyn

90
Q

What is criteria for diagnosis of fever with neutropenia?

A

Single temperature greater than 38.3 or 38.0 for greater than 1 hour with an ANC ess than 500

91
Q

When do you need inotropic support?

A

Cold or warm shock

92
Q

What is a normal protein and what happens when a viral or bacterial is present in the CSF?

A

Normal protein is 15 to 45 becomes elevated when infected

93
Q

List 3 gram negative bacteria?

A

E coli, pseudomonas, neisseria, salmonella, haemophilus influenza B

94
Q

When do we see fungal infections?

A

Immunocompromised hosts, neonates and critically ill children on long-term antibiotics

95
Q

What are the three stages of Lyme disease?

A

Early dissemination, late disease, latent dissemination

96
Q

What three kinds of infections will cause fever without other symptoms and can be serious?

A

Bactoremia, UTI, pneumonia

97
Q

What bacteria causes meningococcemia?

A

Neisseria meningititidis

98
Q

What is a negative outcome of administering cipro?

A

Tendon rupture

99
Q

What bacteria are responsible for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus and strep pyrogenes

100
Q

What is the difference between sepsis and SIRS or systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

A

Sepsis is s i r s nope with a known or suspected infection

101
Q

What does significant RBC’s on a good lumbar puncture indicate?

A

HSV

102
Q

What are some systemic infections most commonly associated with fever of unknown origin in children?

A

Salmonella, tuberculosis, syphilis, Lyme disease, cat scratch disease, , mono, CMV, viral hepatitis, malaria, toxoplasmosis

103
Q

What are the two meningial signs?

A

Kernig and brudzinski

104
Q

What balactam is used to treat mixed aerobic / anaerobic infections, ESBL infections, febrile neutropenia?

A

Meropenem and other carbapenems

105
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Azithromycin or doxycycline

106
Q

When should antifungal coverage be added in a patient that is febrile and neutropenic?

A

Fever persisting for 4 to 7 days after starting broad spectrum antibiotics

107
Q

What is given to address coagulation issues associated with DIC?

A

Vitamin k, cryo precipitate, FFP, platelets

108
Q

In what patients is parvovirus particularly dangerous?

A

Risk of transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell, sphero cytosis, G6PD deficiency

109
Q

What does severe disease of malaria look like?

A

Hypotension, renal failure, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis

110
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis in infants?

A

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone with acyclovir

CPNP- AC (14 decks)

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