Cardiac Flashcards
On arterial blood pressure monitoring where is the systolic and diastolic notch?
Systolic is peak, diastolic is valley
What congenital heart defect is a harsh loud mid systolic murmur at the left sternal border that radiates to the neck?
Aortic stenosis
Hypovolemia, anaphylaxis, distributive shock cause high or low CVPs?
Low low
What grade of murmur can be heard without a stethoscope?
Grade six
What are the three components of an AV canal defect?
ASD, inlet VSD, abnormal formation of the AV valves with left to right shunting
What is the most useful diuretic in lowering BP?
Thiazides
What are the four findings of tetralogy of fallot?
VSD, right ventricular out tracked obstruction, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
What criteria are you used to diagnose endocarditis?
The Duke criteria either two major or one major plus two minor or five minor criteria
What are symptoms of cardiac tamponade?
Friction rub, cold extremities, poor perfusion, absent peripheral pulses
What are classic symptoms of a coarctation of the aorta?
Upper extremity hypertension, brachial femoral pulse lag absent or weak pulses in lower extremities
What is the management of cardiac tamponade?
Pericardial thoracentesis
What defines pulmonary hypertension?
Pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 at rest
What is diagnostic for a kylo thorax?
Triglyceride level greater than 110 in pleural fluid
What is the treatment of long QT syndrome?
Beta blockers
What is the benefit of doing a trans esophageal echo?
Better picture of aorta pulmonary artery other valves, and atrial septum
What is the acute management of cardiomyopathy?
Increase cardio output with inotropes, vasodilators, diuretics
How are vascular rings or slings diagnosed?
Barium swallow or CT if needed
What is the treatment of pericarditis?
Emergent pericardiocentesis and antibiotics for staph in h flu
Where is a VSD murmur heard?
Left lower sternal border
Where is peripheral pulmonic stenosis best heard?
Left upper sternal border
What post operative complication presents with fever, pericardial effusion, fatigue, chest pain, poor po intake?
Post pericardiotomy syndrome
What blood pressure medication can cause hyperkalemia when there’s volume depletion?
Ace inhibitors such as Lisinopril
What is rheumatic fever
Vasculitis that occurs two to four weeks falling group a strep pharyngitis
What is the goal reduction of blood pressure in the first 12 hours?
25 to 30%