Hem/Onc

Question 1

What is the diagnostic criteria for HSP?

Answer 1

Palpable purpura plus diffusive abdominal pain, acute arthritis, arthralgia, hematuria, proteinuria

Question 2

What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia

Answer 2

Methylene blue IV

Question 3

What is the management of tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 3

Aggressive hydration, diuretics, correct electrolytes, dialysis in extreme cases

Question 4

What is the most common cause of death in sickle cell?

Answer 4

Sepsis or meningitis

Question 5

What is the treatment for hyperleukocytosis?

Answer 5

Prompt chemotherapy, dexamethasone for pulmonary leukostasis, avoid RBCs until WBC reduced

Question 6

What cells are seen on a peripheral smear of a patient with ALL?

Answer 6

Blasts

Question 7

What is the most common solid tumor?

Answer 7

CNS tumors

Question 8

What sickle cell complication is an indication for stem cell transplant?

Answer 8

Stroke

Question 9

What condition presents with isolated thrombocytopenia?

Answer 9

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 10

What conditions are associated with an increased risk of developing ALL?

Answer 10

Trust me 21, Franconia anemia, client filter syndrome, shwachman diamond syndrome

Question 11

What is the goal of treatment for splenic sequestration?

Answer 11

Restore circulating volume and oxygen carrying capacity

Question 12

What is the triad for hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Answer 12

Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, organ damage

Question 13

What is the treatment for hyperleukocytosis?

Answer 13

Prompt chemotherapy, dexamethasone for pulmonary leukostasis, avoid RBCs until WBC reduced

Question 14

What is the treatment for it wilms tumor?

Answer 14

Nephrectomy or resection maybe with chemotherapy or radiation

Question 15

What type of tumor is typically found due to leukocoria on exam?

Answer 15

Retinal blastoma

Question 16

What is the management of a mediastinal mass?

Answer 16

Prom position, costume with anesthesia, positive pressure ventilation if necessary

Question 17

What transfusion reaction is caused by an immune response resulting in acute hypoxemia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and occurs within 6 hours?

Answer 17

TRALI

Question 18

What is a life-threatening failure of hematopoiesis leading to a peripheral pencytopenia in bone marrow aplasia?

Answer 18

Aplastic anemia

Question 19

What are complications with the treatment of thalassemia?

Answer 19

Iron overload, CHF

Question 20

What disorder is a hypochromic, microcytic, low and MCV anemia?

Answer 20

Thalassemia

Question 21

What does an increased retic and low MCV tell us about the cause of anemia?

Answer 21

Hemoglobinopathy

Question 22

When’s the first episode of splenic sequestration occur?

Answer 22

Between age 3 months and 5 years

Question 23

How does TACO present?

Answer 23

Respiratory distress, hypoxia, rails, hypertension

Question 24

What disorder results in the production of abnormal forms of hemoglobin resulting in the destruction of RBCs?

Answer 24

Thalassemia

Question 25

What is the management for a plastic anemia?

Answer 25

Bone marrow transplant

Question 26

In the prevention of stroke what is the goal percentage of hemoglobin S through exchange transfusions?

Answer 26

Less than 30%

Question 27

What disorder is defined as an immune mediated small vessel vasculitis?

Answer 27

HSP

Question 28

Define acute chest?

Answer 28

Ischemia or infarction of lung segments due to sickling

Question 29

What is a neoplasm of the adrenal glands?

Answer 29

Neuroblastoma

Question 30

How does splenic sequestration present?

Answer 30

Cute weakness, power, abdominal distinction, pain, slowly

Question 31

What does acute chest look like on x-ray?

Answer 31

Infiltrates

Question 32

What medications are given to reduce hyperglycemia or protect the kidneys from the extra uremic acid?

Answer 32

Rasburicase or allopurinol

Question 33

What oncologic emergency causes you to question the safety of anesthesia?

Answer 33

Mediastinal mass

Question 34

What blood transfusion reaction causes hemolysis secondary to ABO incompatibility?

Answer 34

Acute hemolytic reaction

Question 35

What does a peripheral smear look like in a child with a plastic anemia?

Answer 35

Very few cells, no evidence of malignancy

Question 36

How does leukemia present?

Answer 36

Phone pain, anemia, fatigue, fever, bruising

Question 37

What is the most concerning complication of HSP?

Answer 37

Renal failure

Question 38

How does HUS present?

Answer 38

Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, fever, lethargy, pallor, petechiae, ecchymosis, hematuria

Question 39

What is the treatment for acute chest?

Answer 39

Exchange transfusion, antibiotics if infiltrates present

Question 40

What does a low MCV tell us about the cause of anemia?

Answer 40

Iron deficiency anemia, lead toxicity, thalassemia

Question 41

How does von willebrand disease present?

Answer 41

Later in life with easy bruising, frequent epistaxis, heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 42

Mediastinal mask can lead to what syndrome?

Answer 42

Superior vena cava syndrome

Question 43

What infection commonly proceeds HSP?

Answer 43

Group a strip

Question 44

What cause of anemia is the result of a genetic inborn error of metabolism that results in the breakdown of red blood cells?

Answer 44

G6PD deficiency

Question 45

Is Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma found in ages 5 to 15? 15 to 35?

Answer 45

Non-hodgkin lymphoma 5 to 15. Hodgkin lymphoma 15 to 35

Question 46

What is diagnostic for DIC?

Answer 46

Positive d dimer

Question 47

What is the most common age for HUS?

Answer 47

Less than 4 years

Question 48

How does ITP present?

Answer 48

Bruising, particular, epistaxis, hematuria

Question 49

What abnormal cell type causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 49

Deoxygenated hemoglobin S

Question 50

How does someone get hemophilia?

Answer 50

X-linked chromosome disease

Question 51

Differentiate between Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 51

Hodgkin lymphoma is slower with a more orderly spread while non-hodgkin lymphoma multiplies rapidly and is aggressive

Question 52

What is the most common cause of HUS?

Answer 52

E coli and its shiga toxin

Question 53

What infection requires penicillin prophylaxis in patients with sickle cell disease?

Answer 53

Pneumococcus

Question 54

What transfusion reaction occurs when circulatory capacity is exceeded causing circulatory overload and pulmonary edema?

Answer 54

TACO

Question 55

Hemophilia is caused by a deficiency in what? For a and B

Answer 55

Deficiency in fector 8 for hemophilia a Deficiency in factor 9 for hemophilia B

Question 56

Describe a malignant lymph node

Answer 56

Non-smooth, non-mobile, hard, painful

Question 57

What kind of tumor is a solid tumor of the kidney?

Answer 57

Wilms tumor

Question 58

How is sickle cell diagnosed?

Answer 58

Hemoglobin electrophoresis which can identify hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A

Question 59

What does a high MCV tell us about the cause of anemia?

Answer 59

A plastic anemia, immune disorders, a plastic crisis

Question 60

What are some common causes of DIC?

Answer 60

Infection, trauma, ARDS, ECMO, hematologic malignancies

Question 61

What is the typical age range for a wilms tumor?

Answer 61

Two to three years

Question 62

What does an increased retic and normal MCV Tell us about the cause of anemia?

Answer 62

Chronic blood loss, infection induced hemolysis, enzyme or immune disorder

Question 63

What changes are seen in the coagulation panel of a person with DIC?

Answer 63

Thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, PTT

Question 64

How does HSP present?

Answer 64

Purple on lower extremities, hematuria, protein area, hypertension

Question 65

What is the most sensitive diagnostic study for a PE or DVT?

Answer 65

CT angiography

Question 66

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?

Answer 66

Disturbance normal coagulation cascade, consumption of coagulation factors and platelets, which trigger thrombosis and hemorrhage Combination of impaired coagulation and hemorrhage

Question 67

What is the treatment for thalassemia?

Answer 67

Blood transfusions

Question 68

What are the four electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 68

Hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia

Question 69

How does an acute hemolytic reaction present?

Answer 69

Fever, chills, hypotension, lumbar pain, shock, diaphoresis

Question 70

How does non-hodgkin lymphoma typically present?

Answer 70

Masses, chest pain, SCV syndrome, cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 71

What anemia is microcytic, low retic, elevated RDW?

Answer 71

iron deficiency

Question 72

what anemia is normochromic, macrocytic anemia?

Answer 72

diamon blackfan

Question 73

what anemia is severely low hgb, high retic, high RDW?

Answer 73

G6PD

Question 74

what is a normal RDW?

Answer 74

12-16

Question 75

what is a normal MCV?

Answer 75

80-100

Question 76

What is a normal retic?

Answer 76

0.5-2.5%

Question 77

What are normal plt?

Answer 77

150-450,000

Question 78

classic triad in HSP

Answer 78

abdominal pain, purpura, arthritis