GU/Nephrology Flashcards
What is a normal urine osmolarity?
500 to 850
List three antibiotics used to treat UTIs?
Bactrim, cephalexin, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin
What acid base imbalance does both pre-renderal failure and intrinsic renal failure cause?
Metabolic acidosis
In renal failure what is an indication for dialysis?
Hyperkalemia, severe fluid overload severe metabolic acidosis
What constitutes a UTI?
Greater than 100,000 colonies in a culture
What happens to the urine osmolarity and urine sodium and a patient with pre-renal failure?
You’re an osmolarity is greater than 500 you’re in sodium is less than 20
What are three ways to prevent renal failure?
Fluid administration, avoid hypotension, readjust never toxic meds such as gentamicin
What are the four types of renal tubular acidosis?
Distal, proximal, mixed, aldosterone deficiency
What findings are associated with post renal failure?
Anuria
What two organisms most commonly cause UTIs?
E coli and klebsiella
What are three ways to prevent renal failure?
Fluid administration, avoid hypotension, readjust never toxic meds such as gentamicin
A renal tubular defect resulting in metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap is what?
Renal tubular acidosis
What are the three types of renal failure?
Pre rental failure, intrinsic renal failure, post renal failure
If requiring hospitalization what is the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?
Cefoxotine plus doxycycline or a clindamycin plus gentamicin
What are some causes of hydronephrosis?
Congenital, obstructive, scar tissue from a UTI, tumor, kidney stone
What are some causes of pre-ren@al failure?
Gastroenteritis, diabetes, ketoacidosis, hemorrhage, impaired cardiac output
Does pre renal failure result in hypertension or hypotension?
Hypotension
What acid base imbalance does both pre-renderal failure and intrinsic renal failure cause?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
Corticosteroids
What causes pre-renal failure?
Decrease blood flow to kidneys
What are causes of intrinsic renal failure?
Glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitis
What two organisms most commonly cause UTIs?
E coli and klebsiella
What causes post renal failure?
Obstruction of outflow tract
What are some other findings associated with pre renal failure?
Hyperkalemia, hyper phosphatemia, hypocalcemia, low urine spect grav
Sudden onset of pain in one testicle without a cremesteric reflex?
Testicular torsion
Does intrinsic renal failure cause hypertension or hypertension?
Hypertension
What is the management for renal tubular acidosis?
Replaced by carbonate and fluid management
What findings are associated with post renal failure?
Anuria
What condition presents with albuminuria and proteinuria?
Nephrotic syndrome
What are some causes of post renal failure?
Posterior urethral valves, neurogenic bladder, trauma, tumors
What is the cause of intrinsic renal failure?
Injury to the renal parenchyma
hemolytic uremic syndrome classic triad?
hymolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal compromise
