GU/Nephrology

Question 1

What is a normal urine osmolarity?

Answer 1

500 to 850

Question 2

List three antibiotics used to treat UTIs?

Answer 2

Bactrim, cephalexin, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin

Question 3

What acid base imbalance does both pre-renderal failure and intrinsic renal failure cause?

Answer 3

Metabolic acidosis

Question 4

In renal failure what is an indication for dialysis?

Answer 4

Hyperkalemia, severe fluid overload severe metabolic acidosis

Question 5

What constitutes a UTI?

Answer 5

Greater than 100,000 colonies in a culture

Question 6

What happens to the urine osmolarity and urine sodium and a patient with pre-renal failure?

Answer 6

You’re an osmolarity is greater than 500 you’re in sodium is less than 20

Question 7

What are three ways to prevent renal failure?

Answer 7

Fluid administration, avoid hypotension, readjust never toxic meds such as gentamicin

Question 8

What are the four types of renal tubular acidosis?

Answer 8

Distal, proximal, mixed, aldosterone deficiency

Question 9

What findings are associated with post renal failure?

Answer 9

Anuria

Question 10

What two organisms most commonly cause UTIs?

Answer 10

E coli and klebsiella

Question 11

What are three ways to prevent renal failure?

Answer 11

Fluid administration, avoid hypotension, readjust never toxic meds such as gentamicin

Question 12

A renal tubular defect resulting in metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap is what?

Answer 12

Renal tubular acidosis

Question 13

What are the three types of renal failure?

Answer 13

Pre rental failure, intrinsic renal failure, post renal failure

Question 14

If requiring hospitalization what is the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 14

Cefoxotine plus doxycycline or a clindamycin plus gentamicin

Question 15

What are some causes of hydronephrosis?

Answer 15

Congenital, obstructive, scar tissue from a UTI, tumor, kidney stone

Question 16

What are some causes of pre-ren@al failure?

Answer 16

Gastroenteritis, diabetes, ketoacidosis, hemorrhage, impaired cardiac output

Question 17

Does pre renal failure result in hypertension or hypotension?

Answer 17

Hypotension

Question 18

What acid base imbalance does both pre-renderal failure and intrinsic renal failure cause?

Answer 18

Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 19

Corticosteroids

Question 20

What causes pre-renal failure?

Answer 20

Decrease blood flow to kidneys

Question 21

What are causes of intrinsic renal failure?

Answer 21

Glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitis

Question 22

What two organisms most commonly cause UTIs?

Answer 22

E coli and klebsiella

Question 23

What causes post renal failure?

Answer 23

Obstruction of outflow tract

Question 24

What are some other findings associated with pre renal failure?

Answer 24

Hyperkalemia, hyper phosphatemia, hypocalcemia, low urine spect grav

Question 25

Sudden onset of pain in one testicle without a cremesteric reflex?

Answer 25

Testicular torsion

Question 26

Does intrinsic renal failure cause hypertension or hypertension?

Answer 26

Hypertension

Question 27

What is the management for renal tubular acidosis?

Answer 27

Replaced by carbonate and fluid management

Question 28

What findings are associated with post renal failure?

Answer 28

Anuria

Question 29

What condition presents with albuminuria and proteinuria?

Answer 29

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 30

What are some causes of post renal failure?

Answer 30

Posterior urethral valves, neurogenic bladder, trauma, tumors

Question 31

What is the cause of intrinsic renal failure?

Answer 31

Injury to the renal parenchyma

Question 32

hemolytic uremic syndrome classic triad?

Answer 32

hymolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal compromise