FEN/Endocrine Flashcards
Sodium restriction, fluid restriction, monitoring of eyes and nose, administration of diuretics are all management of what endocrine disorder?
S i a d h
What are complications medically of anorexia and bulimia?
Cardiac arrhythmias, severe hypophosphatemia, acid-base disturbances
What causes an adrenal crisis?
Chronic adrenal insufficiency, acute damage, abrupt withdrawal of steroids
A c t h deficiency and a destroyed or inactive adrenal gland are all what types of adrenal insufficiency?
Secondary
How do you calculate an anion gap?
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
What happens to a patient’s bicarb levels during DKA?
Decreases typically less than 15
Surgical removal, addison disease, CAH are all what types of adrenals insufficiency?
Primary
What rate should you correct the sodium of hyponatremia and hypernatremia?
0.5 MEQ’s per liter per hour
What physical findings are seen with hyperthyroidism?
Goiter, except Thelma’s, Cartier, widened pulse pressure
Suppression from steroids for a rapid steroid taper is what kind of adrenal insufficiency?
Tertiary insufficiency
How does DKA present?
Abdominal pain, vomiting, polyuria, hyperglycemia, ketoneuria, lethargy
What is the definition of failure to thrive?
Less than 5% on standard growth chart or when a child’s weight for age crosses more than two major centile lines
Serum sodium of greater than 150 is seen in diabetes insipidus, SIDH, or cerebral salt wasting?
Diabetes insipidus
What is the most severe complication of hyponatremia?
Seizures
What is the clinical presentation of DKA cerebral edema?
Onset of headache, altered mental status, hypoxia, Cushing’s triad
What electrolyte abnormality are you concerned for in a patient with anxiety?
Hypophosphatemia
What EKG changes are seen with hyperkalemia?
Peaked t-waves, depressed ST, wide QRS, absent P wave
Hyperparathyroidism, vitamin d deficiency, renal insufficiency, transfusions, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis, ethylene glycol ingestion are all causes of what electrolyte abnormality?
Hypocalcemia
What electrolytes should be checked on a child with nuanced seizures?
Glucose, sodium, calcium
What are causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
The acronym CAT MUDPILES
Carbon monoxide, Cyanide, Congenital
heart failure
Aminoglycosides
Teophylline, Toluene (Glue-sniffing)
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis, Alcoholic ketoacidosis, Starvation ketoacidosis
Paracetamol/Acetaminophen, Phenformin, Paraldehyde
Iron, Isoniazid, Inborn errors of metabolism
Lactic acidosis
Ethanol (due to lactic acidosis), Ethylene glycol
Salicylates/ASA/Aspirin
What electrolytes need to be replaced during DKA?
Potassium in phosphorus
What happens to a patient’s urine pH during DKA?
More acidic typically less than 7.3
What is the risk of correcting sodium to rapidly?
Central pontine demyelination of white matter, seizures
Over what period of time should fluid losses be corrected?
Over 24 to 48 hours
What your an output is normally seen in CSW?
Two to three ml per kg per hour
What is the normal range for an anion gap?
10 to 14
In hyperkalemia what is used to stabilize the myocardium?
Calcium chloride 10% at 20 mg per kilogram
What lab findings are associated with hypothyroidism?
Low free t4 and t3, elevated TSH
A low serum sodium is seen in DI, SIDH, or CSW?
S i a d h and CSW
What is the presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Polyuria, polydipsia,, polyphagia