Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular system 1 > Infections 3 > Flashcards

Infections 3 Flashcards

1
Q

State why MHRA suspended oral Ketoconazole

A

Because the use of oral Ketoconazole to tx fungal infections is associated with the risk of hepatoxicity is greater than the benefit in treating fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State when oral Ketoconazole is used

A

Reserved for specialists to treat cushings syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patient and carer advice with oral use of Ketoconazole

A

Recognise signs of liver disorder ( Anorexia, vomiting, nausea, fatigue etc)
Dizziness may affect the performance of skilled task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Facts about Voriconazole

A

Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or use of sun beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State when to seek medical attention for pts on voriconazole

A

If any sun burn or severe skin reaction following exposure to light/sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Monitoring requirements for pt on voriconazole

A

LF before starting tx and at least one weekly for 1 month and then monthly during treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patients advice for voriconazole

A

Pts should keep alerts card with them at all times
It’s hepatoxic and phototoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the body dermatophyte affect?

A

Skin
Hair
Nail infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scientific name for ringworm on the skin

A

Tinea corporis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scientific name for ringworm of the scalp

A

Tinea capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infection of the nail scientific name

A

Tinea ungium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors for dermatophyte infection

A

Immunocompromised , diabetics, poor circulation , peripheral arterial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does oral thrush look like

A

A white coating on the tongue like cottage cheese , this cannot be rub off easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do you give topical antifungal vs tablet

A

Topical is used for localised fungal skin infection eg tinea corporis and pedis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When to give systemic antifungal

A

If topical fails
Many areas affected
If site of infection is difficult to tx eg nail bed and scalp

Oral terbinafine and itraconazole preferred over Griseofulvin because they are broader spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is tinea capitis treated?

A

Systemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to tx threadworms

A

Anthelmintic combined with use of hygiene measures to break cycle of auto-infection
Treat all family members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the drug of choice for threadworm infection

A

Mebendazole
Licensed for greater than 6months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dose of mebendazole for tx threadworm

A

Give as single dose (100mg)
Second dose may be given after 2weeks to prevent reinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Whats the brand name for mebendazole

A

Ovex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At what age can you sell Ovex OTC

A

Adults and children greater than 2 years
Single dose is 100mg
Supplied in container <800mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the two types of herpes virus

A

Herpes simplex 1 and
Varicella zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of herpes simplex affect the mouth, lips and eye?

A

Herpes simplex 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of herpes simplex infection affect the genitals

A

Herpes 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should tx for herpes simplex infection start?

A

Within 5days of appearance of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the cause of chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Facts about chicken pox

A

More severe in adolescents and adult than children
Antiviral tx started within 24hrs of onset of rash may reduce Severity and duration of symptoms
Those at risk of complications may need varicella zoster immunoglobulin prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What’s the scientific name for shingles

A

Herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

State when to start antiviral tx for shingles

A

Within 72hrs of onset of rash Continue for 7-10days

30
Q

State how to tx immunocompromised patients at high risk suffering from shingles

A

Parenteral antiviral

31
Q

How to tx herpes

A

Aciclovir
Famciclovir
Valcocovir-

32
Q

List the types of malaria

A

Non falciparum
Falciparum

33
Q

What’s the difference between falciparum and non falciparum malaria

A

Falciparum is fatal whereas non falciparum isn’t fatal

34
Q

Facts about falciparum malaria

A

Caused by plasmodium faciparum
Most deadly form
Multiplies rapidly in blood
Very dangerous in pregnancy esp last trimester

35
Q

Facts about Non falciparum malaria

A

Non fatal
Caused by plasmodium vivax

36
Q

Tx for non- falciparum malaria

A

Chloroquine( Avloclor) P med
Used for tx and prophylaxis of non- falciparum malaria
Used with proguanil when resistance to chloroquine ( regimen may not give optimal protection (paludrine /avloclor

37
Q

What’s the brand name for mefloquine

A

Lariam

38
Q

Indication of Lariam

A

Used for malaria prophylaxis now rarely due to resistance

39
Q

An antimalarial that causes neuropsychiatric reactions is called

A

Lariam( pom) mefloquine)
Do not use in epilepsy

40
Q

State what antimalarial is not suitable for prophylaxis treatment on it own

A

Proguanil ( P med)

41
Q

What medication is licensed for tx of acute uncomplicated malaria

A

Malarone( proguanil and atovaquone
It’s a POM

42
Q

Indication of malarone

A

Used for falciparum malaria prophylaxis
Tx of uncomplicated falciparum
Tx of non falciparum malaria

43
Q

Malarone is used as alternative to..

A

Doxycycline or mefloquine

44
Q

Malarone is suitable for short trips because

A

Only needs to be taken 7days after leaving endemic area

45
Q

Indication of quinine

A

Used in the tx of non falciparum malaria
It’s associated with QT prolongation

46
Q

Whats the P version of malarone licensed for 18years plus?

A

Maloff

47
Q

List other P meds used as antimalarial licensed for 1year plus

A

Avloclor
Paludrine
P

48
Q

Advice you give pt to prevent them from insect bites

A

Wear long sleeves and trousers after dusk to protect from bites
DEET( diethyltoluamide) 20-50% ( available as sprays and Mr formulations) is safe and effective when applied to skin of adults and greater than 2months

49
Q

How long should mefloquine be taken before and after travel

A

Before travel= 2-3weeks
After = 4weeks
OD

50
Q

How long should you take Doxycycline before and after travel?

A

Before travel = 1-2days
After travel= 4weeks
OD

51
Q

How long should you take malarone before and after travel?

A

Before travel= 1-2days
After= 1 week
OD

52
Q

Length of tx for other antimalarial (prophylaxis)

A

Before travel= 1 week
After= 4weeks

53
Q

Which antimalarial can be used for long term prophylaxis

A

Chloroquine and proguanil (resistance caution) > 5years

54
Q

Doxycycline can be used for up to…

A

2years

55
Q

Malarone and mefloquine can be used for up to….

A

I year

56
Q

Advice to give patient on returning from malaria areas region

A

Any illness that occurs within 1 year especially within 3months of return may be malaria
Advice travellers to report any illness to their doctor immediately particularly if its within 3months of return from malaria area

57
Q

What antimalarial are recommended for prophylaxis with epilepsy?

A

Proguanil alone is recommended in areas without chloroquine resistance
Doxycycline or malarone recommended in areas with chloroquine resistance

58
Q

Malaria prophylaxis to avoid in epilepsy

A

Avoid chloroquine, mefloquine in epileptic patients

59
Q

Which antimalarial prophylaxis is safe for pregnancy

A

P.C
Avoid travelling to malarial areas if possible
Chloroquine and Proguanil can be given
Proguanil alone( give folic acid for ist trimester)

60
Q

Malaria prophylaxis to avoid in pregnancy

A

Malarone, Doxycycline and mefloquine unless there is no alternative and not used in first trimester

61
Q

Antimalarial prophylaxis to give in renal impairment

A

Mefloquine or Doxycycline

62
Q

Antimalarial to avoid in renal impairment

A

Proguanil, malarone and chloroquine

63
Q

When should patients on Warfarin start malaria prophylaxis before travelling?

A

Pts on Warfarin would start chemoprophylaxis 2-3weeks before travel
INR should be stable before travel

64
Q

State when to measure INR for pt on malaria prophylaxis

A

It should be measured before starting prophylaxis 7days after starting and after completing course
Check INR at regular intervals for prolonged stays

65
Q

What antimalarial medication are used for tx of falciparum malaria

A

Quinine (together or followed by Doxycycline or Clindamycin)
Malarone
Riamet( artemether plus lumefantrine

66
Q

Treatment of falciparum malaria in pregnancy

A

Avoid Doxycycline, malarone and riamet
High dose of quinine are Teratogenic esp in first trimester but in malaria benefits outweighs risk (Clindamycin can be given after quinine)

67
Q

Safety info for quinine

A

QT interval prolongation

68
Q

Safety info for mefloquine

A

Discontinue if neuropsychiatric symptoms eg abnormal dreams, anxiety, depression, restlessness, confusion and Insomnia)

69
Q

Safety info for chloroquine

A

Ocular toxicity in adults if dose exceeds 4mg/kg Daily

70
Q

Treatment of viral infection ( influenza)

A

Most effective tx if started within a few hours of onset of symptoms
Licensed for use within 48hours of first symptoms
Reduce duration by 1-1.5days
Reduces risk of complications from Influenza in elderly and pts with chronic disease

71
Q

Examples of antiviral used to tx influenza

A

Oseltamivir (tamiflu), Zanamivir (Relenza)

cardiovascular system 1 (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions