Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular system 1 > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line tx for Tonic clo nic seizure in post menopausal women?

A

Sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first line tx for Tonic clonic seizure in premenopausal women?

A

Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other drugs used in Tonic clonic seizure are?

A

Carbamezepine, Oxcarbazepine, topiramate, clobazam and levetiracetam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mnemonic for drugs used in Tonic clonic seizure is?

A

SALTCO
Sodium valproate
Alternatively
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Carbamezepine
Oxcarbazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Tonic clonic seizure

A

The body becomes stiff, loss of consciousness and convulsions
Loss of Bladder and bowel motion
Biting of tongue/cheek and difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Absence seizure meaning

A

Brief loss of consciousness and awareness for a second
No fall over
Last only for a few seconds
Mainly occur in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drug tx in Absence seizure

A

SEAL
Sodium valproate/ Ethosuximide
Alternatively
Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s myoclonic seizure?

A

A sudden contraction of the muscles which cause a jerk

Can affect the whole body, one arm or both arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx for Myoclonic seizure

A

SALT LEVELS
Sodium valproate
Alternatively
Leviteracetam or Topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Tonic or atonic seizure?

A

Brief loss of consciousness
May become stiff and fall to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx of atonic/Tonic seizure

A

SLART
Sodium valproate
Lamotrigine
Alternatively
Rufinamide
Topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the drug of choice for all generalised seizure?

A

Sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

First line tx for focal seizure

A

CL
Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State alternative tx for focal seizure

A

Oxcarbazepine, sodium valproate and levetiracetam [SOL]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the patient and carer advice for Carbamezepine?

A

Can cause blood, hepatic and Skin disorders
Seek medical attention if fever, rash, sore throat, mouth ulcers, bruising or bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the drug of choice for simple and complex focal seizure?

A

Carbamezepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the plasma concentration range for optimum response for Carbamezepine?

A

4-12mg/L
(20-50micro/L)
Measured after 1-2weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs of Carbamezepine toxicity?

A

Hand bag
Hyponatremia
Nystagmus
Drowsiness
Blurred vision
Arrhythmia
GI(N and V)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carbamezepine pre treatment

A

Test for HLA-B 1502 allele in Han Chinese or Thai Region increases risk of Steven Johnson’s Syndrome
The risk of SJS found mainly in Han Chinese and Thai Population.
Avoid unless no alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What AED can cause serious skin reaction especially in children in first 8weeks?

A

Lamotrigine

21
Q

Indication of Lamotrigine

A

Focal seizure
Secondary generalised Tonic clonic seizures
Bipolar disorder

22
Q

Valproate increases plasma Lamotrigine concentration and inducers reduce it .T/F

A

True

23
Q

Counselling point for Lamotrigine

A

Withdraw if rash or hypersensitivity develops and see GP and signs of blood disorders

24
Q

Side effects of valproate

A

Valproate
A- appetite increased
L- liver failure
P- Pancreatitis- p450 inhibitors
R- Reversible Hair Loss
O- Oedema
A- Ataxia
T- Teratogenicity
E- Encephalopathy

25
Q

Common side effects of Valproate

A

HYPONATREMIA

26
Q

Serious valproate interaction with Lamotrigine

A

Valproate
Increases the exposure of Lamotrigine. Adjust dose of Lamotrigine and monitor rash. Lamotrigine causes SJS

27
Q

Valproate interaction with Olanzapine

A

Increases risk of ADRs

28
Q

Interaction of valproate with PHENytoin

A

Valproate affects the concentration of PHENytoin.
PHENytoin decreases the conc of Valproate.
Monitor concentration

29
Q

Topiramate interaction with valproate

A

Topiramate increases the risk of toxicity when given with Valproate.
Monitor

30
Q

Valproate interaction with pivmecillam

A

Avoid as it increases risk of ADR

31
Q

How valproate interact with Ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem

A

Avoid because it decreases concentration of valproate

32
Q

Patients and carer advise for those on valproate

A

Recognise signs of blood, hepatic disorders and pancreatic
Women and girls should not stop taking valproate without discussing it with their doctor
Pharmacist must ensure that femal patient have a patient card and all important safety information including leaflets

33
Q

Facts about Vigabatrin

A

Use for focal seizures
Worsens absence myoclonic, Tonic Nd atonic seizures

34
Q

State the side effect of Vigabatrin

A

VI
Visual disturbance
It persist even after stopping drug
Test before tx and 6months interval
Report any visual symptoms urgently

35
Q

Facts about Gabapentine and pregabalin

A

Use to treat focal seizure
Licensed for neuropathic pain
Tx of GAD

36
Q

State when to avoid pregabalin and Gabapentin in seizures

A

Avoid in Tonic, myoclonic and absence seizure
MAT

37
Q

What is status epilepticus

A

Seizure that lasts for more than 5mins or go on and on with no rest in between

38
Q

Types of status epilepticus

A

Convulsive and non convulsive

39
Q

What is convulsive status epilepticus

A

A convulsive seizure which continues for a prolonged period greater than 5mins
It is an emergency
Non convulsive is less common and less urgent

40
Q

State the management of status epilepticus in the presence of a resuscitation facility

A

Use IV lorazepam

41
Q

State how to manage status epilepticus in the absence of a resuscitation facility

A

Give Diazepam rectal solution or midazolam oromucusal solution into buccal cavity

42
Q

State how to manage status epilepticus

A

Monitor pt to avoid injury support respiration including providing oxygen
Maintain BP and correct any Hypo

43
Q

State how to manage status epilepticus in suspected alcohol abuse?

A

Give Parenteral Thiamine

44
Q

State how to manage status epilepticus caused by pyridoxine deficiency

A

Give Pyridoxine

45
Q

Adr when using Iv Diazepam in tx status epilepticus

A

IV Diazepam is effective but has a high risk of Thrombophlebitis ( reduced by using emulsion)

46
Q

What’s the challenge with using I.M and suppository Diazepam in tx status epilepticus

A

Absorption is too slow to treat Status epilepticus

47
Q

State what to give after 25mins if no response in status epilepticus

A

Give PHENytoin sodium or PHENOBARBITAL sodium or fosphenytoin
Contact intensive care if seizure continues

48
Q

State what to do 45mins later, if status epilepticus persists

A

Anaesthesia with thiopental sodium, midazolam or propofol should be used with ITU support

49
Q

How to tx a non convulsive status epilepticus

A

If there’s partial loss of awareness, give, give oral AED
If there Full loss of awareness, tx as you would tx a convulsive status epilepticus

cardiovascular system 1 (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions