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Competency Exam > Infection/Safety/Sleep/Skin Integrity/Wound Care/Activity & Exercise > Flashcards

Infection/Safety/Sleep/Skin Integrity/Wound Care/Activity & Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of asepsis?

A

medical and surgical

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2
Q

Define medical asepsis

A

includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area

objects in medical asepsis are referred to as “clean”

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3
Q

Define surgical asepsis

A

practice that keeps an Rea or object free of all microorganisms

aka sterile

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4
Q

What are the 3 methods of transmission?

A

direct; indirect; airborne

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5
Q

Define direct transmission

A

immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, kissing, biting, or sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Is droplet spread a form of direct transmission?

A

Yes - only if the source and host are within 3 feet of each other

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of indirect transmission?

A

vehicle; vector

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8
Q

examples of vehicle borne transmission

A

food, water, milk, blood, serum, plasma, soiled clothes, toys, cooking utensils, etc.

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9
Q

example of vector borne transmission

A

animal or flying/crawling insect that serves an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent

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10
Q

define airborne transmission

A

droplets or dust

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of specific defense/immunity?

A

active immunity; passive immunity

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12
Q

Define active immunity

A

host produces its own antibodies in response to infection or vaccines

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13
Q

Define passive immunity

A

host receives it naturally from mother or artificially from injection of immune serum

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14
Q

Factors that increase risk of infection

A

age, heredity, stressors, nutritional status, medical therapies, dx procedures, meds, presence of disease

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15
Q

What is the etiologic agent?

A

microorganism

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16
Q

What is the reservoir?

A

source

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17
Q

what are the major goals of a pt susceptible to infection?

A

maintain or store defenses
avoid spread of infectious organisms
reduce or alleviate problems associated with infection

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18
Q

How long does the CDC recommend you wash your hands for?

A

vigorously for 10 seconds

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19
Q

Factors that affect safety

A

age and development, lifestyle, mobility and health status, cognitive awareness, emotional state, ability to communicate, safety awareness, environmental factors

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20
Q

Define circadian rhythm

A

biorhythm that is controlled from within the body and synchronized with environmental factors such as light and darkness, gravity and electromagnetic stimuli

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of sleep?

A

NREM (non-REM sleep)

REM (rapid eye movement sleep)

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22
Q

How many stages of NREM are there?

A

4

23
Q

What occurs during stage 1 of NREM

A

relaxed and drowsy
profound restfulness
lasts only a few minutes
floating sensation

24
Q

What occurs during stage 2 of NREM

A

lightly asleep

easily aroused

25
Q

What occurs during stage 3 of NREM

A 
less easily aroused
medium depth sleep
muscles totally relaxed
decreased in BP
decrease in body temperature
26
Q

What occurs during stage 4 of NREM

A 
deepest sleep stage
rarely moves
muscles completely relaxed
difficult to arouse
occurs 30-40 minutes following sleep onset
27
Q

Physiological changes during NREM

A 
arterial BP falls
HR decreases
peripheral blood vessels dilate
GI tract activity can increase
skeletal muscles relax
basal metabolic rate decreases 10-30%
28
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep

A

active dreams occur/remembered
difficulty arousing but may wake spontaneously
depressed muscle tone
irregular HR, RR
irregular muscle movements occur, esp. rapid eye movement
brain is very active

29
Q

Sleep requirements for newborns

A

16-18 hours over approx. 7 sleep periods

30
Q

Sleep requirements for infants

A

12-14 to 22 hours per day

31
Q

Sleep requirements for toddlers

A

10-12 hours

32
Q

Sleep requirements for preschoolers

A

11-12 hours

33
Q

Sleep requirements for school aged children

A

8-12 hours

34
Q

Sleep requirements for adolescents

A

8-10 hours

35
Q

Sleep requirements for young adults

A

7-8 hours

36
Q

Sleep requirements for middle aged adults

A

6-8 hours

37
Q

Sleep requirements for older adults

A

6 hours

38
Q

factors that affect sleep

A

age, illness, environment, fatigue, lifestyle, emotional stress, alcohol and stimulants, diet, smoking, motivation, meds

39
Q

Nursing interventions to promote sleep wellness

A 
pt teaching of importance of sleep and factors that may be contributing to lack thereof
supporting bedtime rituals
creating restful environment
promoting comfort and relaxation
enhancing sleep with medications
40
Q

6 different types of wounds

A 
incision
contusion
abrasion
puncture
laceration
penetrating wound
41
Q

Describe incision

A

caused by a sharp instrument

open wound; painful, deep or shallow

42
Q

Describe contusion

A

blow from blunt object

closed wound, skin bruised due to damage blood vessels

43
Q

Describe abrasion

A

surface scrape; intentional (ex: bx) or unintentional (ex: scraped knee)

open wound involving skin; painful

44
Q

Describe puncture

A

penetration of skin and possibly underlying tissue; intentional or unintentional

open wound

45
Q

Describe laceration

A

tissue torn apart, often from accidents

open wound; edges usually jagged

46
Q

Describe penetrating wound

A

penetration of the skin and underlying tissue

open wound

47
Q

What are the 3 phases of wound healing

A

inflammatory, proliferative, maturation

48
Q

What occurs during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

A

hemostasis and phagocytosis

49
Q

What occurs during the proliferative phase of wound healing?

A

collagen is synthesized (strengthen wound); increased blood supply; granulation tissue develops; fibrinous tissue is eventually converted into scar tissue

50
Q

what occurs during the maturation phase of wound healing?

A

collagen fibers continue to grow; scar tissue becomes stronger; keloids may develop d/t excess collagen

51
Q

What are the 3 major types of exudate?

A

serous, purulent, sanguineous (hemorrhagic)

52
Q

Describe serous exudate

A

serum derived from blood and the serous membranes of the body

53
Q

Describe purulent exudate

A

thicker d/t presence of pus (WBC, liquefied dead tissue debris, dead and living bacteria)

54
Q

Describe sanguineous (hemorrhagic) exudate

A

large amounts of RBC

Competency Exam (15 decks)

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