Health & Illness Flashcards
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
WHO definition of health
Health can vary among what?
age
gender
race
culture
Health can be affected by…
environment
lifestyle practices
physiological and psychological variables
Whole being of an individual
physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, environmental
A person’s idea’s, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness; concepts about health that an individual believes are true
Health Beliefs
____ is influenced by beliefs that affect a pmts level of health
behavior
relationship between beliefs and behavior; predicts behavior and compliance
Health Belief Model
Perception of susceptibility to an illness is r/t
familial link
Perception of the seriousness of the illness is r/t
demographics
socio-psychological factors
Likelihood to take preventative action is r/t
lifestyle changes, adherence, seeking medical advice
Specific knowledge and affect
behavior
–perceptions, interpersonal influences, situational
basic human needs model for survival and health
Maslow’s Basic Human Needs Model
Purpose of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
help understand interrelationship of needs; some needs must be met before others; focus on its needs rather than hierarchy
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (lowest to greatest priority)
physiological safety and security love and belonging self-esteem self-actualization
Physiological needs
survival - O2, H2O, food, warmth, shelter, elimination
Safety and Security
physical and psychological - clothing, stable living environment, societal rules/laws, stable relationship
Love and Belonging
affection, belonging - both giving and receiving; attaining a place in a group
Self-esteem
self-respect, competence, independence - recognition and appreciation from others, self-worth
Self-actualization
maximum potential - feeling content, satisfaction, need to develop maximum potential and realize one’s abilities and qualities
focus on the whole person - consider emotional and spiritual well-being in physical health
Holistic Health model
Influencing variables can either be ___ or ___
Internal; External
Internal variables for human needs
developmental stage intellectual stage perception of functioning emotional factors spiritual factors
External variables for human needs
family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background
help maintain or enhance level of health; motivate to act positively
health promotion
teach how to care for self; achieve new understanding and control
wellness
motivate and avoid declines in heath or functional levels
illness prevention
How many levels of illness prevention are there?
3
primary; secondary; tertiary
primary prevention
precedes disease or dysfunction; applies to persons considered healthy
ex: immunizations
secondary prevention
experiencing health probs or illnesses; prevent complications from becoming worse
ex: care for upper respiratory infection
tertiary prevention
defect or disability is permanent and irreversible; minimizing long term effects; rehab
anything increasing the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
risk factor
What will recognizing risk factors do?
guide health promotion, teaching, and measures to decrease risk of illness
Genetic and physiological risk factors
genetic predisposition
physical conditions, increase physical stress, increase susceptibility to illness
Age risk factors
increase or decrease susceptibility
associate with family and personal habits
Environmental risk factors
where, conditions
Lifestyle risk factors
+/- effect; sunbathing, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, stress
acute illness
short duration and severe
abrupt and intense symptoms
chronic illness
persist (6 months)
functioning flutuates
how ill people act; behavior
illness behavior
What are the 5 stages of illness?
symptom experiences assumption of sick role medical care contact dependent pt role recovery or rehabilitation
internal variable re: illness
perception of symptoms (will disrupt routine; seriousness; life-threatening)
nature of illness (acute or chronic)
external variable re: illness
visibility of symptoms social group/support cultural background economic variables accessibility of health care system
___ views a person as having both physiological and psychological needs; viewed together within a larger framework called basic human needs
Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs
Knowledge of Human Needs allows the nurse to…
prioritize the client’s needs
anticipate the client’s needs
plan care for the client
understand the clients response or lack thereof to nursing interventions
