Hematological Dysfunction Flashcards
What are the 4 most common types of anemia in adults?
Fe Deficiency (IDA)
Pernicious
Folic Acid
Aplastic
What is anemia?
decrease in the number of RBC, the quantity of Hgb, and volume of packed RBC (Hct)
T or F. Anemia is not a disease but a manifestation.
True
What is iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?
inadequate supply of Fe to synthesize Hgb
Fe in the ‘heme’ in hemoglobin
Cause of IDA?
inadequate dietary intake
acute/chronic blood loss
GI blood loss
menstrual bleeding
2mL of blood contains ___ mg of Fe
1 mg
What is Fe primarily absorbed?
the duodenum
Labs for IDA
H&H
RBC
clinical s/x of IDA
pallor skin and mucous membranes glossitis fatigue palpitations/tachy dyspnea upon exertion
Foods high in iron
Organ meats dark green, leafy veggies dried fruit whole grain bread/cereal foods high in Vitamin C
Education measures for a pt taking Fe supplements
take 1 hour before meals take with foods high in vitamin C Dilute liquid prep Drink liquid prep through straw to avoid teeth staining Dark colored stools constipation
Method to administer IM Fe
Z track
Leave 0.5 mL of air in syringe
What is pernicious anemia?
Vitamin b12 deficiency d/t absence of intrinsic factor
Cause of pernicious anemia
hereditary
failure of intrinsic factor s/p gastrectomy or small bowel resection
pernicious anemia labs
RBC
H&H
s/sx pernicious anemia
paraesthesia
ataxia
altered structure and function of peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and brain
T or F. Vitamin b12 injections are for life with pernicious anemia
True
What is folic acid deficiency?
insufficient folic acid
folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and RBC maturation
Cause of folic acid deficiency
dietary deficiency (usually r/t alcoholism)
malabsorption syndromes
medications (anticonvulsants, anti-metabolics, oral contraceptives)
folic acid deficiency labs
RBC
H&H
foods high in folic acid
green, leafy veggies liver meat fish legumes whole grains
What is aplastic anemia?
hypo plastic bone marrow resulting in anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
aka pancytopenia
Cause of aplastic anemia
idiopathic
exposure to chemicals, toxins, radiation, viral infections
medications (anti-neoplastics used in treatment of cancer and Chloromycetin)
Aplastic anemia labs
RBC
WBC
H&H
Platelets
—CBC!
s/sx of aplastic anemia
s/sx of infection
bleeding (r/t thrombocytopenia)
aplastic anemia interventions
DC causative agents education on possible bone marrow transplant prevent infection educate on good personal hygiene avoid ASA and ASA products avoid Valsalva's maneuver use an electric razor avoid rectal temps avoid IM or SQ injections if possible (if not, hold pressure for 5-10 minutes after needle is removed)
