COPD

Question 1

What is COPD?

Answer 1

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

increase resistance to airflow as a result of a airway obstruction or airway narrowing

Question 2

What are the 2 main conditions of COPD?

Answer 2

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

Question 3

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 3

chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by continuous exposure to infections or noninfectious irritants

Question 4

What is emphysema?

Answer 4

destruction of the alveoli, enlargement of distal airspaces, and a breakdown of the alveolar wall

Question 5

s/sx of chronic bronchitis

Answer 5

productive cough (early) especially in the AM for at least 3 months/year x2 years
dyspnea upon exertion
normal weight or heavy set
hypercapnia
hypoxemia

Question 6

chronic bronchitis complications

Answer 6

acute exacerbations
cor pulmonale (hypertrophy of R side of heart with or without heart failure)

Question 7

cause of chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

inhalation of chemical irritants (cigarettes - most common)

bacterial infections

Question 8

cause of emphysema

Answer 8

inhalation of chemical irritants
bacterial infections
ATT deficiency

Question 9

s/sx emphysema

Answer 9

dyspnea upon exertion
minimal coughing
increase anteroposterior chest (barrel chest)
thin, underweight body frame
hypercapnia (late)
clubbing of fingers (late)
hypoxemia at rest (late)

Question 10

complications of emphysema

Answer 10

acute exacerbations
cor pulmonale (hypertrophy of R side of heart with out without heart failure)

Question 11

How much O2 to administer for COPD?

Answer 11

1-2 L/min

Question 12

Pt positioning for COPD

Answer 12

semi-Fowler’s

Question 13

how much fluid intake for COPD pt

Answer 13

2-3L/daily to help liquefy secretions

Question 14

Diet for COPD

Answer 14

high protein, high calorie
—6 small meals daily
—avoid gas forming foods
may need liquid supplements to prevent weight loss and muscle wasting