Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

A long, slow, uneven process in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machines

Question 2

What three things made the Industrial Revolution possible?

Answer 2

The Second Agricultural Revolution, a population explosion, and new technology

Question 3

What led to the population explosion?

Answer 3

The Second Agricultural Revolution led to an increase in food, allowing women to produce healthy babies. Plus, better hygiene and sanitation, along with improved medical care, limited deaths from disease

Question 4

What was found to produce iron, a material needed for the construction of machines and steam engines?

Answer 4

Coal

Question 5

Where was the starting point of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 5

Britain

Question 6

What were the geographic reason why Britain was the starting point of the revolution?

Answer 6

1. It had a lot of coalfields
2. Tin mining/smelting
3. Many rivers, making transportation effective
4. Shipbuilding
5. Coal and iron
6. Sheep
7. Plentiful harbors
8. Nearby sea

Question 7

What made the British people able to have the revolution?

Answer 7

1. New technology
2. Many people were skilled scientists, laborers, and inventors
3. People available to work in the factories

Question 8

What were the technological reasons why Britain was the starting point of the revolution?

Answer 8

1. New technologies made production quicker and easier
2. They invented many technologies to make weaving quick and easy, such as the spinning jenny
3. New inventions improved livestock and agriculture

Question 9

What were the political reasons why Britain was the starting point of the Revolution?

Answer 9

1. Britain had a government, Parliament, that supported industrialization and change
2. England had a lot of political and economic freedom

Question 10

Why did transportation need improvement?

Answer 10

As production increased, entrepreneurs needed faster and cheaper methods of moving good from place to place

Question 11

How was transportation improved?

Answer 11

Turnpikes, canals, stronger bridges, and upgraded harbors

Question 12

What made the growth of railroads possible?

Answer 12

The steam locomotive

Question 13

What is urbanization?

Answer 13

The movement of people to cities

Question 14

What were the positive living conditions created?

Answer 14

Families lived in nice homes and the wealthy lived in pleasant neighborhoods

Question 15

What were the negative living conditions created due to industrialization?

Answer 15

The poor lived in tiny rooms in tenements. There was no sanitation or sewage system, and waste and garbage filled the streets

Question 16

What were the conditions of the factories?

Answer 16

Harsh labor conditions, with people working 12-16 hours a day, getting injuries from machines, being exposed to dangers, losing jobs from being sick or injured, child labor, and the hiring of orphans

Question 17

What benefits and problems did the Industrial Revolution bring to the working class?

Answer 17

Positive: Comfort in the Methodist church, which promised better life to come
Negative: Workers complained about low pay and harsh working conditions

Question 18

What benefits did industrialization bring to the new middle class?

Answer 18

Positives: Entrepreneurs benefited, families lived in nice homes, dressed well, ate well, learned from grit, women became more polite and feminine, and people believed that success came with hard work

Question 19

Why was British electoral system reformed?

Answer 19

People criticized the voting system as unfair