Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 2 > Impact of Life events of patient well-being > Flashcards

Impact of Life events of patient well-being Flashcards

1
Q

What are life events ?

A

Major happenings that can occur in a persons life that require some degree of psychological adjustment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why and how are life events significant ?

A

Major life events can pose an important impact on health status.

  • challenge
  • create stress/ be stressful
  • consequences (link stress to illness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are life events linked to ?

A

Intricately linked to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main sources of life event stressors ?

A

Individual
Family
Society

Daily Hassles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe individual sources of life event stressors

A

Illness
Conflict
Personal relationships
Lacking control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain conflict (causing stress)

A

Internal conflict
Increased anxiety
Increased depression
Headaches
Nausea

(EMMONS & KING, 1988)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the 3 types of internal conflict

A

Approach-Approach
Approach-Avoidance
Avoidance-Avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe family sources of life event stressors

A

Divorce
Marriage
Illness
Disability
Death
Addition to the Family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain disability (causing stress)

A

Caring for a person with a chronic illness
Financial Burdens
Depression
Anxiety
Sadness

(KIECOLT-GLASER et al. 1987)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe society sources of life event stressors

A

Job
Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain job (causing stress)

A

Deadlines
Workload
Responsibility
Relationships
Physical Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do life events (stressors) impact ?

A

Have an impact on different systems

  • Physiological system
  • Psychological system
  • Social aspect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physiological system

What nervous system does this involve ?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Fight or Flight response
General Adaptation Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychological aspect

A

Cognitive functioning
Emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social aspect

A

Social behaviour
Gender
Socio-cultural differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methods of assessment of life events

A

Stress can be measured by :

  • Self-report
  • Physiological testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Self-report method of assessing stress

A

Interview
Questionnaire
Rating scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Physiological method of assessing stress

A

Galvanic skin response (electrical conductance of skin)
Changes in BP, Heart Rate
Biochemical Markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SRRS

A

Social Re-adjustment Rating Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of SRRS

A

Developed to measure life events (stress).

Also the likelihood that a person will develop a stress-related illness.

[HOLMES & RAHE 1967]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the SRRS

A

List of life events rated on a scale of 0-100

Scoring: adults indicate which life-events have occurred to them (past 12 months)

Values of all experienced life events are added –> total stress score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Death of spouse
(mean value on SRRS scale)

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Personal injury or illness
(mean value on SRRS scale)

A

53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Change in health of a family member
(mean value on SRRS scale)

A

44

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Change in financial state
(mean value on SRRS scale)

A

38

26
Q

Low stress range

A

<149

27
Q

Mild stress range

A

150-200

28
Q

Moderate stress range

A

200-299

29
Q

Major stress range

A

> 300

30
Q

Strengths of the SRRS scale

(EXAM type Q)

A

Wide range of events that people find stressful

Values assigned to the listed life events based on broad sample of adults

Easy, quick to complete

31
Q

What is the SRRS useful for ?

A

Useful tool for assessment of stress and illness

Positive correlation between life-events and illness

32
Q

Limitations of the SRRS scale

(EXAM type Q)

A

Items vague / ambiguous

Failure to consider impact of event for each individual

Failure to distinguish between desirable and undesirable

Accuracy of memory of life-events

Casuality

33
Q

Example of where items are vague/ambiguous in the SRRS

A

Personal injury / illness (53)
Change in financial status (38)

34
Q

Example of failure to consider the impact of event for individual in the SRRS

A

Retirement (45)

35
Q

Example of failure to distinguish between desirable and undesirable events in the SRRS

A

Change in financial state (38)

36
Q

State some life-event scales

A

SRRS
LES
PERI
UES

37
Q

LES

A

Life Experiences Survey

  • 57 events stated relatively precisely
38
Q

PERI

A

PERI life-events scale

  • 102 items involving a gain, loss, ambiguous outcome
39
Q

UES

A

The unpleasant events scale

  • 302 events stated relatively precisely
40
Q

Limitations of physiological measures to assess stress

A

Measure itself may induce stress

Influenced by variables other than stress

Expensive, Labour intensive, Time-consuming

41
Q

Describe the correlation between life-events and illness

A

Illness and accident rates tend to increase following changes in adverse life events/stress.

42
Q

Case study on life events and breast cancer

A

Kruk, J. 2012
SRRS scale used

43
Q

Case study on life-events and immune function

A

Jiang, 2020

44
Q

Case study on life events and asthma

A

Sandberg et al. 2000

45
Q

What are ‘daily hassles’ ?

A

Minor stressors that occur regularly

46
Q

How can hassles become bearable ?

A

Experiencing desirable events makes hassles more bearable.

47
Q

Methods of assessment of daily hassles

A
  • HASSLES SCALE
  • UPLIFTS SCALE
48
Q

Describe the hassles scale

A

Day to Day unpleasant or potentially harmful events

49
Q

Describe the uplifts scale

A

Positive events that bring peace, satisfaction or joy

e.g. completing a task

50
Q

State the ranges of stress according to the Hassles scale

A

Low <75
Average: 105
High >135

51
Q

HASS/Col

A

Hassles Assessment Scale for Students in college

SARAFINO & EWING 1990

52
Q

Describe the HASS/Col scale

A

0 - never
1 - rarely
2 - occasionally
3 - often
4 - very often
5 - extremely often

53
Q

Give 3 examples of hassles from the HASS/Col scale

A

Annoying social behaviour of others
Athletic activities of self
Exams
(Dating)

54
Q

Do hassles and uplift scores influence health ?

A

Hassles scores are associated with health status

Uplift scores have little association with health status

55
Q

Function of the HASSLES score

A

Strong predictor of psychological and physical wellbeing

Experiencing hassles also leads to symptoms for those already suffering from an illness.

56
Q

State the 2 types of stress

A

Distress
Eustress

SELYE 1985

57
Q

Distress

A

Harmful
Damaging

58
Q

Eustress

A

Beneficial
Constructive

59
Q

Positive effects of stress

A

Certain levels of stress may be helpful (McGuigan 1999)
- optimal level of arousal

Degree of arousal/motivation enhances performance
- e.g. athletic, exam…

60
Q

Minor stressor

A

Daily Hassles

Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 2 (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions