Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 2 > Disability > Flashcards

Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What defines a disability ?

A

You are considered disabled under the Equality Act 2010 if:

  • you have a physical or mental impairment
  • that has a ‘substantial’ AND ‘long-term’ negative effect on your ability to do normal daily activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disability

A

Disability is the functional consequence of impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Impairment

A

Impairment is an abnormality or limitation of structure or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Handicap

A

Handicap is the social consequence of impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is multi-morbidity ?

A

A person has >= chronic condition occurring at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the leading causes of multi morbidity ?

A

Age and Deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DALY

A

Disability Adjusted Life Years

One DALY = the loss of 1 full year of full health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the global burden of disease calculated ?

A

Calculated using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

One DALY = the loss of 1 full year of full health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Global Burden of disease study

A

Worldwide observational epidemiological study

Describes morbidity and mortality and impacts on disability

Global, national and regional analysis

Covers 1990-present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can disability be ?

A

Temporary or life-long
Relapsing / Remitting

Progressive or Static
Variable or Unexpected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State some medical professionals involved in care for people with disabilities

A

Doctors
Specialist Nurses

OT
Physiotherapists

Speech and Language therapists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of the model of disability

A

Understand the patient’s social and cultural environments, values, stereotypes and prejudices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the model of disability affected by ?

A

Demographic changes
Medical changes
Economic changes
Cultural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe cultural changes

A

Social changes affect disease spread, e.g. TB
Historical changes over time (e.g. left-handedness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Medical model ?

What causes disability ?

A

Disability is caused by disease or impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Social model ?

What causes disability ?

A

Disability is caused by the way society is organised, and not just by impairment or disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Downfalls of the medical model

A

Does not:

  • Explain the hugely variable lived experience of people with disabilities
  • Acknowledge the interface of society with medical problems in generating disability.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Key feature of the social model

A

A person does not ‘have’ a disability - they ‘experience’ a disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State some barriers of the social model

A

Prejudice and stereotypes restrict independence, options and life choices for people with disabilities and create inequality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the social model focus on ?

A

Focuses on what the person needs

The person is the most important part of the medical team.

Each person is individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the medical model focus on ?

A

Focuses on what is ‘wrong’

18
Q

What does the social model consider ?

A

Evidence based medicine VS patient preference

Compliance VS Accordance

Medical expertise VS the ‘expert patient’

18
Q

What does the medical model consider for each disability ?

A
  • Causation
  • Age affected
  • Clinical Picture
  • Course and Progression
  • Prognosis
  • Evidence-based care
  • Aiming for ‘cure’ OR resolution
19
Q

For a wheelchair user wanting to access a building with stairs:

  • Social model
A

Social model

  • Add a ramp to the building
  • Ensure doors are wide enough for the chair
  • Ensure there are lifts/ramps inside the building
  • Ensure accessible parking, public transport etc.
20
For a wheelchair user wanting to access a building with stairs: - Medical model
Medical model: Use medical and allied health professionals to improve patient's ability to mobilise. Invest in technology research and medical/surgical advances to try correct the medical condition preventing them walking.
21
A deaf child wants to attend mainstream school: - Social model
Education is made accessible to all students - Sign language interpretation - Speech to text technology - Learning support staff Support for teaching other children BSL
22
A deaf child wants to attend mainstream school - Medical model
Medical/surgical devices or advances for 'curing' or 'improving' deafness - Hearing aids - Cochlear implants - Grommets - Speech and Language therapy
23
What do negative attitudes based on prejudice or stereotype lead to ?
They can stop disabled people from having equal opportunities: - Work - Live independently - Relationships and sex - Families and children
24
Features of physical disabilities
May not be immediately apparent Can be hugely variable Impact of disability is activity dependent
25
How can physical disabilities be hugely variable ?
People may have different levels of (dis)ability Variable levels of ability depending on: - time of day - recent activity levels - concurrent injuries - exacerbations of relapsing/ remitting conditions
26
Results of visible difference or disfigurement
May confer a huge impact on societal interaction without causing a loss of function Often associated with psychological distress Changing faces
27
May confer a huge impact on societal interaction without causing a loss of function
People with facial disfigurement are less likely to be in high-paying jobs or in relationships than those without disfigurement.
28
What is a visual impairment ?
Sight loss that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
29
State the 2 main categories of visual impairment
Registered partially sighted Registered blind
30
Registered partially sighted
Moderate sight impairment
31
Registered blind
Severe sight impairment -- where activities that rely on eyesight become impossible
32
Deaf - disabled ?
Many people with a functional impairment do not consider themselves disabled.
33
Describe deaf people who are part of a deaf community
They may consider themselves to be part of a linguistic minority rather than 'disabled' - They may experience a significant handicap or disability in a hearing culture
34
State some hidden disabilities
Chronic Pain Neurological Disorders Relapsing / Remitting disorders Cognitive impairment Sensory impairment Chronic medical conditions Mental health Neurotypical
35
Neurotypical disabilities
ASD ADHD Dyslexia Dyspraxia
36
Describe cognitive impairment
Can be congenital / acquired Can be fixed / variable Ranges from mild to severe
37
How can cognitive impairment cause disability ?
Through difficulties with memory and concentration, learning new skills, or difficulty making decisions.
38
What is a learning disability ?
A significantly reduced ability to understand complex information or learn new skills. (impaired intelligence) A reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning) A condition which started before adulthood and has a lasting effect.
39
Causes of neuroatypical disabilities ?
Lifelong conditions Due to differences in neural pathways and processing. Can have more than 1 cause of neuropathy, and can co-exist with learning disabilities and mental health problems. Impact can be mild to severe
40
What do disabilities affect ?
They can affect how patients access healthcare, which can affect their health outcomes. This leads to preventable health inequalities.
41
State some adjustments which medical professionals can make to help people with disabilities access healthcare
Leaflets in simple language / pictorial Translators Physical access (ramps) Equipment - accessible examination couch Buzzers
42
What causes transitions in healthcare ?
Age Geography Funding / service availability Progressive / evolving medical needs Advances or changes in medical science, therapeutics
43
Transitions in care can be:
Stressful and distressing to patients and families Lead to gaps in care, missed follow-ups, interrupted care plans Smooth and supported, positive times to 'right side' care Opportunities for growth and development for patients and their families, friends or carers.
44
What is the best way for doctors to care for patients with disabilities ?
BE prepared to: - listen to patients - admit the patient may know a lot about their condition Be willing to support and engage with: - a wide variety of therapies - emerging evidence - novel treatments - other care providers and specialties
45
Key act for doctors to care for patients with disabilities
Examine your own feelings about disability and chronic medical problems. - Learn how to HELP the patient without 'curing them'
46
Doctors with disabilities
They face additional challenges but bring additional skills and experience It is important for the medical workforce to reflect the population it serves.

Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 2 (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions