Immunopathology Flashcards
____ set: results in graft rejection in 10-20 days
First
____ set: results in graft rejection in 5-10 days
Second
_______: IgM that is anti-IgG, important biomarker in diagnosis of ______
Rheumatoid Factor (RF); Rhematoid arthritis
How to TB test for patients with BCG immunization?
QuantiFERON-TB Gold test
Mechanisms of Damage in Type II immunopathology
Complement-Mediated Damage and Stimulatory Hypersensitivity
Protective factors for increase in asthma and allergies (5)
Poor countries, equatorial countries, slums, rural populations, children of large families
Repeated grafts that are eventually rejected before they even heal in
Hyperacute Rejection
TGF-Beta + ____ stimulates differentiation of Th0 into _____.
IL-6; Th1, Th17, and Th2
TGF-Beta stimulates differentiation of Th0 into ____.
Treg
Transcription factor that has a critical interaction in negative selection to ensure that the thymus does not allow production of anti-self antibodies
Aire
Type _____ immune complex conditions show lumpy-bumpy immune complexes
III
Up to 8% of people treated with ______ to treat HIV develop a hypersensitivity syndrome, nearly all having the same ____.
abacavir; HLA-B allele
Use of worm ova can be used to stimulate an increase in ____ cells in the gut
Treg
Which enzyme is absent in SCID? What is its normal function?
Adenosine Deaminase, causes adenosine to accumulate in all cells
Which pathology? 10-15 times more common people with Celiac Disease
IgA Deficiency
Which pathology? Abnormal development of the great vessels of the heart
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which pathology? Antibodies to thyroid antigens and destructive attack by T cells, resulting in hypothyroidism
Hashimoto Disease
Which pathology? Antibody binding to RBCs following viral infection, autoimmune syndrome, cancer, or drugs
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Which pathology? Antibody to gut endomysium against Transglutaminase 2 (TG2)
Celiac Disease
Which pathology? Antibody to nuclear and nucleolar proteins, DNA, RNA, erytrhocytes, clotting factors, platelets, skin, and T cells
Sytemic Lupus Erythematosus
Which pathology? Asymptomatic, though patients may have diarrhea, sinopulmonary infections, or an increased frequency and severity of allergies
IgA Deficiency
Which pathology? Autoantibodies to Type IV collagen in the basement membranes of the kidney and lung
Goodpasture Syndrome
Which pathology? B cells may act as antigen presenting cells to harmful T cells, antibody to beta cells detected in 90% of patients at time of diagnosis
Juvenile Diabetes
Which pathology? Block in B cell to plasma cell transition, normal pre-B cells and B cells, but B cells are difficult to trigger to make a specific antibody
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Which pathology? Block in development between the pre-B cell and B cell stages
Bruton’s X-linked Hypogammaglobulinemia
Which pathology? Block in development of the lymphoid stem cells or its maturation
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Which pathology? Block of normal differentiatio of the stroma of the thymus
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which pathology? Cause IBD
Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Which pathology? Children rarely survive beyond a year, lymphopenia of B and T cells
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Which pathology? CHRNA1 does not interact with Aire correctly in the thymus
Myasthenia Gravis
Which pathology? Defect in CD40 on B cells or CD40-ligand on Tfh cells
X-Linked HyperIgM Syndrome
Which pathology? Defect in IgM to IgG switch mechanism
X-Linked HyperIgM Syndrome
Which pathology? Defective btk, indication against oral polio vaccine
Bruton’s X-linked Hypogammaglobulinemia
Which pathology? Destruction of platelets by antibody, opsonization followed by rapid destruction in the spleen
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
Which pathology? Development of dermatitis herptiformis with skin antibody to TG3, likely from epitope spreading
Celiac Disease
Which pathology? Hypothesized that viral peptide similar to Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) may generate clones of T cells that may cross react and attack human CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
Which pathology? Kidney disease and facial butterfly rash
Sytemic Lupus Erythematosus
Which pathology? Low Igs, absent thymic shadow on x-ray, small tonsils
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Which pathology? Most common autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which pathology? Most common immunodeficiency disease
IgA Deficiency
Which pathology? Most patients have pre-B cells in bone marrow and a deficiency of B cells and antibody
Bruton’s X-linked Hypogammaglobulinemia
Which pathology? Patient has absent T cells with normal B cells, 45 gene deletion on chromosme 22
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which pathology? Patients make antibody to AChR
Myasthenia Gravis
Which pathology? Persistent cardiac pain, fever, malaise, and pericardial effusion seen after heart attack resulting from immune response to pericardial or myocardial antigens
Dressler Syndrome
Which pathology? Persistent glomerulonephritis and pneumonitis with pulmonary hemorrhages
Goodpasture Syndrome
Which pathology? Progressive muscle weakness and appearance of germinal centers in the thymus
Myasthenia Gravis
Which pathology? Results from a cross-reaction against Group A Streptococcus
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Which pathology? Results in sharp and linear patterns in immunofluorescence
Goodpasture Syndrome
Which pathology? Second most common autoimmune disease with reaction against exocrine glands resulting in dry eyes and mouth (seems to involve CTLs)
Sjogren Disease
Which pathology? Seen in miners and machinists (esp. nuclear) that HLA-DP alleles that bind Be-coupled peptides
Chronic Beryllium Disease
Which pathology? Symptoms fade and gut returns to normal with avoidance of gluten
Celiac Disease
Which theory? Certain harmless microorganisms have been in humans so long that we rely on them to instruct our immune system to not overreact against commensal bacteria or low-grade pathogens
Old Friends Hypothesis
Which type? ___ cell deficiency: high grade bacterial pathogens
B
Which type? ___ cell deficiency: severe infections with intracellular pathogens
T
IgE and mast cell-mediated reactions to environmental antigens
Allergy
Antigens that stimulate an allergic response
Allergens
An acute allergic reaction, characterized by symptoms ranging from dyspnea to diarrhea to shock
Anaphylaxis
Incidence of atopic disease
General 15-20%, 35% (one parent), 65% (two parents
Which pathology? Runny nose and itchy eyes, triggered by ragweed, pollens, pets, or other allergens
Allergic Rhinitis
Which pathology? Dry and easily irritated skin, itch, and rash, that is self worsening due to itching and may be susceptible to secondary bacterial infection
Eczema
Which pathology? Special case of food allergy in the mouth characterized by tingling lips and tongue, itching, and lip swelling
Oral Allergy Syndrome
Which test? Add patient serum to a capsule containing allergen and quantify amount of bound IgE
CAP-FEIA
Immediate Allergic Reaction Mediators (4)
Histamine, TNF, enzymes, heparin
Late-Phase Allergic Reaction Mediators (3)
Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Cytokines
Regions where there is most filtration of blood or net outflow of fluid: Most common locations of Type III Immunopathology symptoms (6)
Kidney, Choroid Plexus, Skin, Peritoneum, Pleura, Joints
Which pathology? IgA and IgG bind abnormal IgA1, which has missing terminal sugars on the carbohydrate chains, resulting in a reactive epitope
IgA Neuropathy
Which pathology? Co-deposition of IgA and IgG in the glomerulus, resulting in glomerulonephritis
IgA Neuropathy
Immune complexes that are precipitated when serum is refrigerated (since complexes are less soluble at lower temperatures)
Cryoglobulins
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis shows a _____ pattern when treated with fluorescein-labeled goat antibodies to human IgG
lumpy-bumpy
Which pathology? Exposure to thermophilic Actinomycetes, found in moldy hay and silage, resulting in formation of immune complexes in the lungs
Farmer’s Lung
Which pathology? Sufficient antigen is inhaled such that antigen-antibody complexes form in the lungs
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
