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Blood and Lymph > Immune System Intro and Antibodies > Flashcards

Immune System Intro and Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Cell surface receptors or inner membrane receptors that are used to recognize foreign molecular patterns

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

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2
Q

____ chain has an extra long hinge region

A

delta

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3
Q

____ chains have an extra constant domain CH4

A

epsilon

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4
Q

____ is most able to activate complement because it has ____ adjacent Fc domains and only two Fc domains is required to activate complement

A

IgM; 5

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5
Q

_____ have segmented nuclei with colorless granules

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

_____ is an antibody associated with a secretory component that makes it resistant to digestive enzymes.

A

IgA

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7
Q

_____ is an antibody that produces symptoms of allergy is important in resistance to parasites

A

IgE

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8
Q

_____ is better at activating complement than IgG and first Ig to appear in blood after exposure to an antigen

A

IgM

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9
Q

_____ is the most abundant antibody in the blood

A

IgG

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10
Q

_____ is the only antibody class made by the fetus

A

IgM

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11
Q

_____ is the only antibody that can pass through the placenta.

A

IgG

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12
Q

______ cells arrange for phagocytosis and destruction of foreign materials by release of antibodies.

A

B

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13
Q

______ enter at the periphery of the lymph node

A

lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

______ exit at the hilum of the lymph node

A

veins and lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

______ have a kidney shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm

A

Monocytes

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16
Q

______ have segmented nuclei with blue granules

A

Basophils

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17
Q

______ of the spleen consists of islands of cells with an arteriole surrounded by T cells, which are surrounded by B cells

A

White pulp

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18
Q

_______ are lymph node-like structures that underlie the GI mucosa

A

Peyer’s patches

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19
Q

_______ enter at the hilum of the lymph node

A

arterioles

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20
Q

_______ have segmented nuclei with red granules

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

_______ require lysis by the MAC for clearance

A

Neisseria

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22
Q

________ associate with MBP to activate C2 and C4 and start the cascade

A

MBP-Associated Serine Proteases (MASPs)

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23
Q

10 light chains, 10μ chains, and 1 J chain

A

IgM

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24
Q

2 light and 2 gamma chains

A

IgG

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25
Q

2 light and 2 ε chains

A

IgE

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26
Q

2 light and 2δ chains

A

IgD

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27
Q

4 light chains, 4 α chains, 1 J chain, and 1 S.C. chain

A

IgA

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28
Q

Acellular fluid component of blood, including proteins

A

Plasma

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29
Q

Activated ________ leave local area and travels to nearest lymph node where it presents the antigen to lymphocytes

A

Dendritic Cells

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30
Q

Allelic differences in the sequence of immunoglobulins of different individuals

A

allotypes

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31
Q

An antigen in the form that is able to give rise to an immune response

A

immunogen

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32
Q

Anaphylactic shock occurs when _______ cells throughout the body are suddenly degranulated and release _________.

A

Mast; histamine

33
Q

Antigen in a form or by a route that does not give rise to an immune response

A

toleragen

34
Q

Antigenic stimulation, there is a good change that a daughter will make a slightly different antibody; selection by antigen of the best-fitting mutants allows a gradual increase of affinity

A

Antibody Affinity Maturation

35
Q

Area in a lymph node with very crowded dividing cell areas that are evidence of an immune response

A

germinal center

36
Q

Autoimmunity of antibodies is Type ____ Immunopathology

A

II

37
Q

Both Fab domains connected by disulfide bonds in the hinge region (second and third constant domains of the heavy chain cleaved off)

A

F(ab)2

38
Q

Bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

A

Dendritic Cells

39
Q

Cells in the tissue related to basophils

A

Mast cells

40
Q

Cells with a lobulated nucleus prominent cytoplasmic granules

A

Polymorphonuclear cells/granulocytes

41
Q

Central lymphoid organs where lymphocytes develop

A

Thymus, bone marrow

42
Q

Changing the relative positions of two pieces of DNA

A

DNA Recombination

43
Q

Chemotactic cytokines that recruit white blood cells (ex. to an area of inflammation)

A

Chemokines

44
Q

Foreign molecular structures that can be recognized by PPRs

A

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

45
Q

Half of an antibody consisting of the light chain and the half of the heavy chain containing the CDRs

A

Fab

46
Q

Harmless version of a toxin.

A

Toxoid

47
Q

Homologous receptors to Toll in the fruit fly that can recognize foreign molecular structures that humans don’t have

A

Toll-Like Receptor (TLRs)

48
Q

Immediate hypersenstivity is Type _____ Immunopathology

A

I

49
Q

Leukocytes whose nucleus has a smooth outline

A

Mononuclear cells

50
Q

MBP/MBL functions similarly to ______ in the classical pathway

A

C1q

51
Q

nucleated cells of the blood; white blood cells; buffy coat when centrifuged

A

Leukocytes

52
Q

Part of the antigen that fits into the receptor

A

epitope

53
Q

Peripheral lymphoid organs where lymphocytes trap and respond to foreign invaders

A

Lymph nodes (including mesenteric), spleen, Peyer’s patches,

54
Q

Plasma without the clotting factors

A

Serum

55
Q

Properdin, part of the _____ complement-activating pathway, facilitates assembly of ______, which activates ____.

A

alternate; C3bDbC3b; C5

56
Q

Region of the variable domain that is used to specifically bind an epitope

A

CDR

57
Q

Small peptides important in immune cell signaling

A

Cytokines

58
Q

Stress or damage indicator molecules expressed by body cells

A

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)

59
Q

T helper cells migrate from the _______ to _______ where they help activate B cells

A

paracortex; follicles

60
Q

Tendency of one antibody to react with more than one antigen

A

Cross-reactivity

61
Q

The ____ of the spleen is the body’s most important filter of particulates, such as bacteria and damaged platelets

A

Red pulp

62
Q

The alternate pathway, activated by cell wall structures of microorganisms such as dextrans, levans, zymosan, and endotoxin, is part of ______ immunity

A

innate

63
Q

The classical pathway, activated by complexes of antibodies bound to antigens, is part of ______ immunity.

A

adaptive

64
Q

The lectin pathway, mediated by ________, a lectin, which binds carbohydrates, is part of ______ immunity

A

mannose-binding protein (MBP or MBL); innate

65
Q

The number of antigenic determinants that can be bound by a single antibody

A

antibody valence

66
Q

The second and third constant domains of the two heavy chains

A

Fc

67
Q

The transcription factor most frequently activated in inflammation is ______.

A

NF-kB

68
Q

The V region of a _____ chain does not have any D segments (only V and J)

A

light

69
Q

Theory that each cell of the immune system is programmed to make only one antibody

A

Clonal Selection Theory

70
Q

Theory that only one H chain and only one L chain (either kappa or lambda, maternal or paternal) are synthesized in any B cell

A

Allotypic Exclusion

71
Q

Type ____ immunopathology is characterized by T Cell-mediated innocent bystander injury

A

IV

72
Q

Type _____ immunopathology occurs when tissue damage results from trapped complexes activating complement

A

III

73
Q

Unique structure created by the CDRs of an antibody that can serve as an antigen to another antibody

A

idiotype

74
Q

When a large immune complex in which the antigen is a large particle or a cell precipitates from solution

A

Agglutination

75
Q

When growth of an immune complex consisting of cross-linking antigens becomes significant enough to cause the large complex to become insoluble

A

Precipitation

76
Q

Which complement factor(s) is/are anaphylatoxic?

A

C3a, C4a, and C5a

77
Q

Which complement factor(s) is/are chemotactic?

A

C5a

78
Q

Which complement factor(s) is/are lytic?

A

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)- mostly C8 and C9

79
Q

Which complement factor(s) is/are opsonizing?

A

C3

Blood and Lymph (14 decks)

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