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Blood and Lymph > Acute Leukemias > Flashcards

Acute Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

ALL cases more frequently involve _____ cells (~80%).

A

B

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2
Q

__-ALL is more commonly seen in adolescents and young adults.

A

T

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3
Q

__-ALL is more commonly seen in children.

A

B

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4
Q

__-ALL is more commonly seen in men than women

A

T

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5
Q

__-ALL is more likely to present with a large mediastinal mass.

A

T

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6
Q

B-ALL has a ______ prognosis than T-ALL.

A

better

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7
Q

B-ALL is more commonly seen in _____ (demographic).

A

children

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8
Q

Cytogenetic abnormalities associated with AML due to CBFB-MYH11

A

inv(16)(p13.1;q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)

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9
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality associated with a poor prognosis AML

A

11q23 MLL

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10
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality associated with AML due to RNX1-RNX1T1

A

t(8;22)(q22;q22)

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11
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality associated with AML with megakaryoblastic differentiation

A

t(1;22)(p13;q13), RBM15-MKL1

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12
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality associated with APML

A

t(15;17)(q22q22)

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13
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality most often seen in infants with Down Syndrome

A

t(1;22)(p13;q13), RBM15-MKL1

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14
Q

Cytogenetic finding associated with AML with monocytic differentiation

A

11q23 MLL

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15
Q

Cytogenetic finding associated with B-ALL in neonates and young infants

A

11q23 MLL

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16
Q

Cytogenetic finding associated with the worst prognosis of any ALL

A

T(9;22)(q34;q11.2), BCR-ABL

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17
Q

Cytogenetic finding with B-ALL with a very favorable prognosis

A

t(12;21)(p13;q22), ETV6-RUNX1

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18
Q

Findings to diagnose AML (2)

A

Myeloblasts >20% of nucleated cells in marrow or peripheral blood, cytogenetic findings

19
Q

Fused azurophilic granules that form small stick-like structures in the cytoplasm

A

Auer Rods

20
Q

Genes associated with AML cases seen in younger patients with relatively good prognosis?

A

RNX1, CBFB

21
Q

How is ALL prognosis affected by age?

A

Worst in infants, older children, or adults

22
Q

How is ALL prognosis affected by chromosome ploidy?

A

Hyperdiploidy is associated with better prognosis

23
Q

How is ALL prognosis affected by response to therapy?

A

Slow response is worse prognosis

24
Q

How is ALL prognosis affected by T vs. B ALL?

A

B-ALL has better prognosis

25
Q

How is ALL prognosis affected by WBC count?

A

Worse for higher count

26
Q

Molecular markers currently used to predict prognosis in patients with AML with normal karyotype (3)

A

FLT3 ITD, NPM1, CEBPA

27
Q

Negative prognostic factor associated with normal karyotype AML

A

FLT3 ITD

28
Q

Potential complication of t(15;17)(q22;q22)

A

DIC

29
Q

Prognosis of t-AML

A

Very poor

30
Q

T-ALL has a _____ prognosis than B-ALL.

A

worse

31
Q

T-ALL is more commonly seen in _____ (demographic).

A

adolescents and young adults

32
Q

t-AML with complex karyotype, frequently whole or partial loss of chromosomes 5 or 7

A

Secondary to alkylating agents or radiation

33
Q

t-AML with latency 1-2 years

A

Secondary to Topoisomerase II inhibitors

34
Q

t-AML with latency 2-8 years

A

Secondary to alkylating agents or radiation

35
Q

t-AML with rearrangement of MLL gene

A

Secondary to Topoisomerase II inhibitors

36
Q

Therapy-related AML with an MDS stage

A

Secondary to alkylating agents or radiation

37
Q

Treatment for t(15;17)(q22;q22)

A

All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) with arsenic salts

38
Q

Type of acute leukemia and prognosis? t(15;17)(q22;q22)

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia; best remission rates for AML

39
Q

Type of ALL and prognosis? 11q23/MLL

A

B-ALL, poor

40
Q

Type of ALL and prognosis? t(12;21)(p13;q22), ETV6-RUNX1

A

B-ALL, very good

41
Q

Type of ALL and prognosis? T(9;22)(q34;q11.2), BCR-ABL

A

B-ALL, worst of all ALL

42
Q

Types of therapy-related AML

A

Secondary to alkylating agents or radiation, Secondary to Topoisomerase II inhibitors

43
Q

What feature can be used to distinguish abnormal myeloblasts?

A

Auer Rods

44
Q

Which acute leukemia shows predomination of promyelocytes?

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia; best remission rates for AML

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