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Blood and Lymph > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Typical Symptoms of Anemia

A

shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid heart rate, dizziness, pain with exercise, pallor

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2
Q

Typical Signs of Anemia

A

tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and pallor

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3
Q

_____ detects ability of patient’s serum to bind IgG and/or complement to test normal RBCs

A

IAT

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4
Q

_____ evaluates presence of IgG or C3d or C4d on surface of patient cells by addition of Coomb’s reagent.

A

DAT

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5
Q

_____ is synthesized by bacteria and algae, obtained by humans up the ladder through meat, eggs, and milk.

A

B12

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6
Q

________ in the stomach is bound by Intrinsic Factor (IF), which is secreted by gastric parietal cells

A

B12

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7
Q

An abnormal osmotic fragility test is characteristic of ________.

A

hereditary spherocytosis

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8
Q

Autimmune Hemolytic Anemia is evaluated for using the ______.

A

Direct Antiglobin Test (DAT)

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9
Q

B12 in the stomach is bound by ________, which is secreted by gastric parietal cells

A

Intrinsic Factor (IF)

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10
Q

B12 is absorbed and released from IF in the ________

A

terminal ileum

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11
Q

During iron deficient erythropoiesis, there is _____ in erythrocytes.

A

no change

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12
Q

During iron deficient, erythropoiesis, there is a ______ in iron binding capacity and a _______ in sautration of transferrin

A

increase; decrease

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13
Q

Enteroherpatic recirculation is characteristic of _____ (B12/folate)

A

folate

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14
Q

Fava beans are frequently associated with _____.

A

G6PD deficiency

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15
Q

Folate is absorbed in the _____.

A

jejunum

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16
Q

For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by complement only and no IgG

A

Cold

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17
Q

For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by strong IgG and weak complement.

A

Warm

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18
Q

Goat’s milk is deficient in _____.

A

folate

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19
Q

Hepcidin binds to _____ to induce its degradation

A

Ferroportin

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20
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis occurs from defects in cytoskeletal proteins, especially: ______(3)

A

spectrin, ankyrin, band 3

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21
Q

In anemia related to endocrinopathies, RBCs are ____chromic and ____cytic

A

normo; normo

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22
Q

In B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anemias, plasma homocysteine is _____.

A

decreased

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23
Q

In B12 deficiency anemia, serum cobalamin is _____.

A

decreased

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24
Q

In B12 deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.

A

macro

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25
Q

In chronic infection or inflammation, _____ diminishes iron mobilization and ____ production

A

IL-1; EPO

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26
Q

In folate deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.

A

macro

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27
Q

In hemolytic anemia, reticulocyte count is _____

A

increased

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28
Q

In hemolytic anemia, serum haptoglobin is ____

A

decreased

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29
Q

In hemolytic anemias, bilirubin, LDH, and SGOT are ______

A

increased

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30
Q

In hereditary spherocytosis, MCV is _____

A

decreased

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31
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, adults display symptoms of _______.

A

fatigue, pallor, loss of exercise tolerance

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32
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, children display symptoms of _______.

A

pallor, irritability, behavioral changes

33
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is _____.

A

low

34
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin concentration is _____.

A

increased

35
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation is _____.

A

very low

36
Q

In iron defiency anemia, cells are ___chromic and ____cytic.

A

hypo; micro

37
Q

In lead poisoning, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.

A

basophilic stippling

38
Q

In lead poisoning, clinical findings include: ____ (4)

A

personality changes/irritability, headache, weakness/weight loss, abdominal pain/vomiting

39
Q

In lead poisoning, MCV is _____.

A

decreased

40
Q

In lead poisoning, recticulocyte count is ____.

A

decreased

41
Q

In lead poisoning, the RBCs are ___chromic and ____cytic

A

hypo; micro

42
Q

In lead poisoning, zinc protoporphyrin is _____.

A

increased

43
Q

In malignancies and sepsis, ____ decreases iron availability from stores and decreases ____ production

A

TNF; EPO

44
Q

In megaloblastic anemia, MCV and MCH are ______.

A

increased

45
Q

In megaloblastic anemia, RDW is ______

A

increased

46
Q

In protein calorie deficiency anemia, RBCs are usually ___chromic and ____cytic

A

normo; normo

47
Q

In renal insufficiency anemia, EPO is _____.

A

decreased

48
Q

In renal insufficiency anemia, reticulocytes are ____.

A

decreased

49
Q

In renal insufficiency anemia, serum creatinine is _____.

A

increased

50
Q

In renal sufficiency anemia, the RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic.

A

normo; normo

51
Q

In sideroblastic anemia, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.

A

ring sideroblasts

52
Q

In sideroblastic anemia, RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic

A

hypo; micro

53
Q

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, EPO is _____

A

decreased

54
Q

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, reticulocyte count is ______

A

decreased

55
Q

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, serum Fe and TIBC are _____

A

decreased

56
Q

Increased erythropoietic activity will non-specifically _______ absorption of iron (even if iron levels are already high)

A

increase

57
Q

INF-β inhibits ______

A

erythropoiesis

58
Q

INF-γ inhibits _____

A

proliferation of erythroid precursors

59
Q

Iron is absorbed in the _______.

A

duodenum

60
Q

Koilonychias (ridges in nails) and papillary atrophy of the tongue are associated with ______.

A

iron deficiency

61
Q

Low Hepcidin causes a ______ in the absorption of iron

A

increase

62
Q

Neurologic abnormalities, a common distinguishing factor between folate and B12 deficiency, is characteristic of _____ deficiency

A

B12

63
Q

Overcooking food can cause loss of _____.

A

folates

64
Q

Possible consequences of iron overload include: ____ (4).

A

Arrhythmia, Congestive heart failure, liver dysfunction, liver failure

65
Q

Presence of amino acids and proteins ______ iron absorption.

A

increases

66
Q

Spelenectomy patients should be immunized against ______.

A

H influenza b, S. pneumoniae and meningococcus

67
Q

The best way to distinguish between folate and B12 deficiency is methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, which are elevated in _____ deficiency.

A

B12

68
Q

The main complications of hereditary spherocytosis are: _____(2)

A

aplastic crises, bilirubin stones

69
Q

The most common cause of folate deficiency is _____.

A

inadequate dietary intake

70
Q

The onset of folate defiency anemia is ______(faster/slower) than B12 deficiency anemia.

A

faster

71
Q

The treatment strategy for iron deficiency anemia is _____.

A

iron replacement

72
Q

Treatment for iron overload is _____

A

iron chelators (hemosiderosis/transfusions) or therapeutic phlebotomy (hemochromatosis/increased absorption)

73
Q

What anemia has a bone marrow biopsy displaying erythroid hyperplasia and marrow precursors with large immature nuclei?

A

B12 or folate deficiency

74
Q

What anemia is caused by impaired production of porphyrin or incorporation of iron?

A

sideroblastic anemia

75
Q

What anemia is characterized as mild due to better oxygen delivery

A

Low Affinity Hemoglobin Disease

76
Q

What anemia is characterized by accumulation of iron in mitochondria?

A

sideroblastic anemia

77
Q

What anemia is characterized by increases in bilirubin and LDH levels due to intramedullary destruction of RBCs?

A

B12 or folate deficiency

78
Q

What anemia is most frequently caused by autoimmune destruction of IF-producing parietal gastric cells?

A

B12 Deficiency

Blood and Lymph (14 decks)

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