Anemia Flashcards
Typical Symptoms of Anemia
shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid heart rate, dizziness, pain with exercise, pallor
Typical Signs of Anemia
tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and pallor
_____ detects ability of patient’s serum to bind IgG and/or complement to test normal RBCs
IAT
_____ evaluates presence of IgG or C3d or C4d on surface of patient cells by addition of Coomb’s reagent.
DAT
_____ is synthesized by bacteria and algae, obtained by humans up the ladder through meat, eggs, and milk.
B12
________ in the stomach is bound by Intrinsic Factor (IF), which is secreted by gastric parietal cells
B12
An abnormal osmotic fragility test is characteristic of ________.
hereditary spherocytosis
Autimmune Hemolytic Anemia is evaluated for using the ______.
Direct Antiglobin Test (DAT)
B12 in the stomach is bound by ________, which is secreted by gastric parietal cells
Intrinsic Factor (IF)
B12 is absorbed and released from IF in the ________
terminal ileum
During iron deficient erythropoiesis, there is _____ in erythrocytes.
no change
During iron deficient, erythropoiesis, there is a ______ in iron binding capacity and a _______ in sautration of transferrin
increase; decrease
Enteroherpatic recirculation is characteristic of _____ (B12/folate)
folate
Fava beans are frequently associated with _____.
G6PD deficiency
Folate is absorbed in the _____.
jejunum
For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by complement only and no IgG
Cold
For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by strong IgG and weak complement.
Warm
Goat’s milk is deficient in _____.
folate
Hepcidin binds to _____ to induce its degradation
Ferroportin
Hereditary spherocytosis occurs from defects in cytoskeletal proteins, especially: ______(3)
spectrin, ankyrin, band 3
In anemia related to endocrinopathies, RBCs are ____chromic and ____cytic
normo; normo
In B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anemias, plasma homocysteine is _____.
decreased
In B12 deficiency anemia, serum cobalamin is _____.
decreased
In B12 deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.
macro
In chronic infection or inflammation, _____ diminishes iron mobilization and ____ production
IL-1; EPO
In folate deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.
macro
In hemolytic anemia, reticulocyte count is _____
increased
In hemolytic anemia, serum haptoglobin is ____
decreased
In hemolytic anemias, bilirubin, LDH, and SGOT are ______
increased
In hereditary spherocytosis, MCV is _____
decreased
In iron deficiency anemia, adults display symptoms of _______.
fatigue, pallor, loss of exercise tolerance
In iron deficiency anemia, children display symptoms of _______.
pallor, irritability, behavioral changes
In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is _____.
low
In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin concentration is _____.
increased
In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation is _____.
very low
In iron defiency anemia, cells are ___chromic and ____cytic.
hypo; micro
In lead poisoning, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.
basophilic stippling
In lead poisoning, clinical findings include: ____ (4)
personality changes/irritability, headache, weakness/weight loss, abdominal pain/vomiting
In lead poisoning, MCV is _____.
decreased
In lead poisoning, recticulocyte count is ____.
decreased
In lead poisoning, the RBCs are ___chromic and ____cytic
hypo; micro
In lead poisoning, zinc protoporphyrin is _____.
increased
In malignancies and sepsis, ____ decreases iron availability from stores and decreases ____ production
TNF; EPO
In megaloblastic anemia, MCV and MCH are ______.
increased
In megaloblastic anemia, RDW is ______
increased
In protein calorie deficiency anemia, RBCs are usually ___chromic and ____cytic
normo; normo
In renal insufficiency anemia, EPO is _____.
decreased
In renal insufficiency anemia, reticulocytes are ____.
decreased
In renal insufficiency anemia, serum creatinine is _____.
increased
In renal sufficiency anemia, the RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic.
normo; normo
In sideroblastic anemia, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.
ring sideroblasts
In sideroblastic anemia, RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic
hypo; micro
In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, EPO is _____
decreased
In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, reticulocyte count is ______
decreased
In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, serum Fe and TIBC are _____
decreased
Increased erythropoietic activity will non-specifically _______ absorption of iron (even if iron levels are already high)
increase
INF-β inhibits ______
erythropoiesis
INF-γ inhibits _____
proliferation of erythroid precursors
Iron is absorbed in the _______.
duodenum
Koilonychias (ridges in nails) and papillary atrophy of the tongue are associated with ______.
iron deficiency
Low Hepcidin causes a ______ in the absorption of iron
increase
Neurologic abnormalities, a common distinguishing factor between folate and B12 deficiency, is characteristic of _____ deficiency
B12
Overcooking food can cause loss of _____.
folates
Possible consequences of iron overload include: ____ (4).
Arrhythmia, Congestive heart failure, liver dysfunction, liver failure
Presence of amino acids and proteins ______ iron absorption.
increases
Spelenectomy patients should be immunized against ______.
H influenza b, S. pneumoniae and meningococcus
The best way to distinguish between folate and B12 deficiency is methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, which are elevated in _____ deficiency.
B12
The main complications of hereditary spherocytosis are: _____(2)
aplastic crises, bilirubin stones
The most common cause of folate deficiency is _____.
inadequate dietary intake
The onset of folate defiency anemia is ______(faster/slower) than B12 deficiency anemia.
faster
The treatment strategy for iron deficiency anemia is _____.
iron replacement
Treatment for iron overload is _____
iron chelators (hemosiderosis/transfusions) or therapeutic phlebotomy (hemochromatosis/increased absorption)
What anemia has a bone marrow biopsy displaying erythroid hyperplasia and marrow precursors with large immature nuclei?
B12 or folate deficiency
What anemia is caused by impaired production of porphyrin or incorporation of iron?
sideroblastic anemia
What anemia is characterized as mild due to better oxygen delivery
Low Affinity Hemoglobin Disease
What anemia is characterized by accumulation of iron in mitochondria?
sideroblastic anemia
What anemia is characterized by increases in bilirubin and LDH levels due to intramedullary destruction of RBCs?
B12 or folate deficiency
What anemia is most frequently caused by autoimmune destruction of IF-producing parietal gastric cells?
B12 Deficiency
