Immunology - 25

Question 1

What does activation mean?

Answer 1

• The TCR binds MHC + peptide
• Leads to signaling cascades inside the cell
• alters gene expression
• leads to clonal proliferation and differentiation (CD4+: T helper or memory CD4+ cells; CD8+: CTL’s or Memory CD8+ cells)

Question 2

What is avidity?

Answer 2

The strength of binding between antigen and antibody at all Fabs on the antibody molecule. Avidity is not related to specificity (a low affinity antibody combined wall to a multivalent antigen)

Question 3

Many lab techniques that are routine are based on the use of antibodies. Why?

Answer 3

Because antibodies can be produced against virtually any macromolecule and they are highly specific

Question 4

What is the reaction of antibody with a multivalent antigen like a cell or pathogen or parts of each resulting in the cross-linking of various antigens by antibodies called?

Answer 4

Agglutination

Question 5

If the antigen is in erythrocyte, what is the agglutination reaction called?

Answer 5

Hemagglutination

Question 6

What is hemagglutination?

Answer 6

Typing blood for ABO antigens.

Question 7

Susie has type B blood, what antibodies does she have?

Answer 7

A antibodies

B antigens

Question 8

What are the two types of hemagglutination reactions?

Answer 8

• Forward - looking for what antigen is on the red blood cells
• reverse - looking for what antibodies are present in the blood