Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define variolation

A

inoculation of smallpox into the skin

vaccine termed by Jenner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define vaccine

A

suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that induce immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the principles and effects of vaccination

A

provokes a primary immune reponse

produces a rapid, intense secondary response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 5 types of vaccines

A

1) Live attenuated vaccine
2) inactivated killed vaccine
3) subunit vaccine
4) conjugated vaccines
5) nucleic acid ( DNA) vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe live attenuated vaccine

A 
eakened pathogen
closely mimic an actual infection
provide long term effectiveness
MMR
danger associated: it can back mutate to virulent form not recommend for immunocompromised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe inactivated killed vaccine

A

require repeated booster doses
rabies,influenza
safer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe subunit vaccine

A 
use antigenic fragments to stimulate an immune response
Type
recombinant vaccines
virus-like particle (VLP) VACCINES
TOXOIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe conjugated vaccines

A

contain bacterial capsule polysaccharides combine with proteins
ex. haemophilus influenzae type b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe nucleic acid vaccine

A

injected naked dna produces the protein antigen encoded into the DNA
ex. west nile in horses
not for human use yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe artificially acquired active immunity

A

antibiotics memory cells made by your own immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hypersensitivity reactions

A

an altered,enhanced immune reaction leading to pathological changes
response to antigens ( allergens)
has to be sensitive to allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 4 types of reactions of hypersensitivity reaction

A

anaphylactic
cytotoxic
immune complex
cell mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 types of reactions and the time after exposure for clinical symptoms

A 
Type 1 (Anaphylactic): < 30 min
Type 2 ( Cytotoxic) : 5-12 hrs
Type 3 ( Immune Complex): 3-8 hrs
Type 4 ( delayed cell mediated): 24-48 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe type 1 reaction

A

IgE attached to mast cells and basophils
antigen binds to 2 ajacent IgE
mast cells and basophils undergo degranulation which release
3 mediators: histimes, leukotrienes,prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe histamines

A

increase permibity of blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe leukotrienes

A

cause prolong contraction of smooth muscles

17
Q

Describe prostaglandin

A

smooth muscle and increase mucus secretion

18
Q

Describe systemic anaphylaxis

A

may result in circulatory collapse and death

19
Q

Describe localized anaphylaxis

A

hives,hay fever, and asthma

20
Q

Describe type 2 reaction

A

involved IgG or IgM antibodies and complement
complement acitvation causes cell lysis
ex. blood transfusion reaction
abo blood group system

21
Q

Describe ABO blood group reaction

A

antibiodies form against certain carbohydrate antigens on RBCs

22
Q

Describe Rh blood group system

A

rh+ blood given to an Rh- recipient stimulate anti-Rh antibodies in the recipient

23
Q

Describe type 3 reaction

A

IgG antibodies and antigens form immune complexes that lodge in basement membrane
involves soluble antigens in serum

24
Q

What are 3 steps of immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

A

1) immune complexes are deposited in wall of blood vessel
2) presence of immune complexes activates complement and attracts inflammatory cells such as neutrophils
3) enzymes released from neutrophils cause damage to endothelial cells of basement membrane

25
Q

Describe type 4 reactions

A

delayed type hypersensitivities due to T cells
cytokines attract macrophages and T cells
initiate tissue damage
ex Skin test 4 TB

26
Q

Describe autoimmune diseases

A

autoimmunity is loss of self-tolerance
loss of self tolerance leads to the production of antibodies or a response by sensitized T cells against person’s own tissue antigens

27
Q

Define cytotoxic

A

antibodies react with cell surface antigens

grave’s disease

28
Q

Define immune complex

A

IgM, IgG,complement immune complexes deposit in tissues

ex. systemic lupus erythematosus

29
Q

Define cell mediated

A

mediated by T cells

ex. psoriasis,multiple sclerosis

30
Q

What are the 2 immunodeficiencies

A

congenital

acquired

31
Q

Define congenital

A

due to defective or missing genes

ex. recessive trait; no thymus gland; can’t produce T cell

32
Q

Define acquired

A

develop during an individual’s life

due to drugs,cancers, infections

Microbiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions