Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > DAY2 CHP 2 > Flashcards

DAY2 CHP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define macronutrients

A

H, C,O,N,P,S

most abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define macromolecules

A

carbohydates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define micronutirents

A

sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc

trace minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are organic molecules

A

carbon containing compounds

covalently bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define isomers

A

same atomic makeup but different structural arrangements of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 6 functional groups

A 
Hydroxyl group ( -OH)
Carbonyl group ( C=O)
Carboxyl group (COOH)
Amino group ( NH2)
Phosphate group ( OPO3) 
Methyl group ( CH3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What macromolecules are monomers and polymers

A

cars,protiens,nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What macromolecules are not monomer and polymers

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the formula for carbohydrates

A

(CH2O) n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide, polysaccharides, disacchariedes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define monosaccharides

A

monomers

ex. glucose,fructose,galactose,ribose,deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define disaccharies

A

created via dehydration synthesis
has glycosidic bonds (-O-)
ex: sucrose,lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define starch

A

plant based foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define glycogen

A

tissues of animals and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define cellulose

A

component of cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the name of the 2 polysaccharides that are bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan

A

N-acetyl glucosamine ( NAG)

N-acetyl muramic acid ( NAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the polysaccharides in fungal cell wall

A

Polymers of NAG-chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define lipids

A

composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen
hydrophobic molecules
ex. fat,steroids,phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the components of triglycerides

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

21
Q

Define saturated fatty acids

A

all carbon has hydrogen attached

ex. butter

22
Q

Define unsaturated fatty acids

A

double bond carbon so not all carbon is saturated with hydrogen
ex. oil

23
Q

Define phosopholipids

A

phosphate group and 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol
major component of cell membrane
amphipathic

24
Q

Define amphipathic

A

head: hydrophilic
tail: hydrophobic

25
Which bacteria has cholesterol / is important
mycoplasma
26
Define hopene
used instead of cholesterol
27
Define proteins
amino acids- monomers | peptide bonds
28
What are the 4 components of amino acid
carbon at the center - an amino group - a carboxyl group - a hydrogen atom - a r group or variable group
29
How are protein polymers made
dehydration synthesis ( water is the byproduct)
30
Define dipeptides
an organic compound derived from 2 amino acids
31
Oligopeptides
an organic compound consisting of 2-20 amino acids
32
Polypeptides
more then 20 amino acids
33
What determine the shape of proteins
determined by the sequence and length of amino acids
34
What are primary structures of proteins
chain
35
What are secondary structure of proteins
pleated sheet hydrogen bond ( b/t amino group and hydroxyl, carboxyl) has a alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
36
What is tertiary structure of proteins
disulfide bridges ionic bonds hydrogen bond hydrophobic interaction
37
What are quaternary structure of proteins
globular | 4 subunites
38
What are conjugated proteins
proteins that function in interaction with other ( nonpolypetide) chemical groups ex. glycoprotein
39
Define nucleic acids
nucleotides polynucleotides base sequence 2 types : DNA and rna
40
What are the 3 components of Deoxyribonucleic acid
nitrogenous base ( Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine) sugar - deoxyribose phosphate group
41
What are the purines
adenine and guanine | 2 carbond ring
42
What are the pyrimidines
thymine cytosine uracil 1 carbon ring
43
Define nucleoside
sugar and a nitrogenous base | no phosphate group
44
Define phosphodiester bond
sugar-phosphate backbone | 5 prime of one sugar and 3 prime of another sugar of nucleic acid strand
45
Are dna strands parallel or antiparallel
antiparallel
46
What are the nitrogen bases of rna and what is the sugar
adenine, guanine,uracil,cytosine | sugar:ribose
47
What are the 3 types of RNA
messenger RNA rinosomal rna transfer rna
48
How does RNA serve as hereditary information
``` in viruses ( only when no DNA present) ex. rhinovirus, influenza virus,ebola virus ( single stranded) rotavirus ( double stranded) ```

Microbiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions