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Microbiology > DAY2 CHP 2 > Flashcards

DAY2 CHP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define macronutrients

A

H, C,O,N,P,S

most abundant

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2
Q

Define macromolecules

A

carbohydates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid

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3
Q

Define micronutirents

A

sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc

trace minerals

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4
Q

What are organic molecules

A

carbon containing compounds

covalently bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements

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5
Q

Define isomers

A

same atomic makeup but different structural arrangements of atoms

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6
Q

What are the 6 functional groups

A 
Hydroxyl group ( -OH)
Carbonyl group ( C=O)
Carboxyl group (COOH)
Amino group ( NH2)
Phosphate group ( OPO3) 
Methyl group ( CH3)
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7
Q

What macromolecules are monomers and polymers

A

cars,protiens,nucleic acid

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8
Q

What macromolecules are not monomer and polymers

A

lipids

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9
Q

What is the formula for carbohydrates

A

(CH2O) n

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide, polysaccharides, disacchariedes

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11
Q

Define monosaccharides

A

monomers

ex. glucose,fructose,galactose,ribose,deoxyribose

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12
Q

Define disaccharies

A

created via dehydration synthesis
has glycosidic bonds (-O-)
ex: sucrose,lactose

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13
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose

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14
Q

Define starch

A

plant based foods

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15
Q

define glycogen

A

tissues of animals and bacteria

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16
Q

define cellulose

A

component of cell wall

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17
Q

What are the name of the 2 polysaccharides that are bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan

A

N-acetyl glucosamine ( NAG)

N-acetyl muramic acid ( NAM)

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18
Q

What is the name of the polysaccharides in fungal cell wall

A

Polymers of NAG-chitin

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19
Q

Define lipids

A

composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen
hydrophobic molecules
ex. fat,steroids,phospholipids

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20
Q

What are the components of triglycerides

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

21
Q

Define saturated fatty acids

A

all carbon has hydrogen attached

ex. butter

22
Q

Define unsaturated fatty acids

A

double bond carbon so not all carbon is saturated with hydrogen
ex. oil

23
Q

Define phosopholipids

A

phosphate group and 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol
major component of cell membrane
amphipathic

24
Q

Define amphipathic

A

head: hydrophilic
tail: hydrophobic

25
Q

Which bacteria has cholesterol / is important

A

mycoplasma

26
Q

Define hopene

A

used instead of cholesterol

27
Q

Define proteins

A

amino acids- monomers

peptide bonds

28
Q

What are the 4 components of amino acid

A

carbon at the center

  • an amino group
  • a carboxyl group
  • a hydrogen atom
  • a r group or variable group
29
Q

How are protein polymers made

A

dehydration synthesis ( water is the byproduct)

30
Q

Define dipeptides

A

an organic compound derived from 2 amino acids

31
Q

Oligopeptides

A

an organic compound consisting of 2-20 amino acids

32
Q

Polypeptides

A

more then 20 amino acids

33
Q

What determine the shape of proteins

A

determined by the sequence and length of amino acids

34
Q

What are primary structures of proteins

A

chain

35
Q

What are secondary structure of proteins

A

pleated sheet
hydrogen bond ( b/t amino group and hydroxyl, carboxyl)
has a alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

36
Q

What is tertiary structure of proteins

A

disulfide bridges
ionic bonds
hydrogen bond
hydrophobic interaction

37
Q

What are quaternary structure of proteins

A

globular

4 subunites

38
Q

What are conjugated proteins

A

proteins that function in interaction with other ( nonpolypetide) chemical groups
ex. glycoprotein

39
Q

Define nucleic acids

A

nucleotides
polynucleotides
base sequence
2 types : DNA and rna

40
Q

What are the 3 components of Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

nitrogenous base ( Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine)
sugar - deoxyribose
phosphate group

41
Q

What are the purines

A

adenine and guanine

2 carbond ring

42
Q

What are the pyrimidines

A

thymine
cytosine
uracil
1 carbon ring

43
Q

Define nucleoside

A

sugar and a nitrogenous base

no phosphate group

44
Q

Define phosphodiester bond

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

5 prime of one sugar and 3 prime of another sugar of nucleic acid strand

45
Q

Are dna strands parallel or antiparallel

A

antiparallel

46
Q

What are the nitrogen bases of rna and what is the sugar

A

adenine, guanine,uracil,cytosine

sugar:ribose

47
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA

A

messenger RNA
rinosomal rna
transfer rna

48
Q

How does RNA serve as hereditary information

A 
in viruses ( only when no DNA present)
ex. rhinovirus, influenza virus,ebola virus ( single stranded)
rotavirus ( double stranded)

Microbiology (16 decks)

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