Diseases Exam 2

Question 1

Staphylococcal

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 1

1) spherical gram positive bacteria
2) s.aureus are exfoliative toxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
3) touching infected blood or body fluids
4) no
5) SKIN

Question 2

Streptococcal ( skin)

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 2

1) streptococci gram positive bacteria
2) hemolysins
streptolysins
3) direct contact or endogenous infection;skin abrasive/surigcal incisions
4) animals usually
5) skin

Question 3

Measles

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 3

1) virus: genus morbilliviru.family of ssRNA (Paramyxoviridae)
2) small, gram (+) aerobic green producing streptococcus (extracellular or soluble toxin specific to measles)
3) Respiratory route: transmitted by droplets,direct contact and airborne
4) none
5) liver, spleen,CNS,skin

Question 4

Smallpox

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organs are affected

Answer 4

1) Variola virus( major+ minor form) family of dsDNA ( Poxviridae)
2) toxins in blood, botulinum toxin
3) respiratory route, transmitted by airborne, direct contact,droplets
4) none
5) bloodstream, skin,intestines, lungs,kidney, brain

Question 5

Chickenpox

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 5

1) human herpesvirus 3; enveloped dsDNA; genus varicellovirus
2) none
3) direct contact, aerosol
4) none
5) skin, CNS

Question 6

Herpes Simplex

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 6

1) human herpesvirus 1 and 2; enveloped dsDNA; genus: simplevirus
2) none
3) herpes 1( oral/respiratory route/skin/mucous membrane/direct contact) herpes 2( sexual contact/skin/mucous membrane/direct contact)
4) none
5) skin,CNS

Question 7

Poliomyelitis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 7

1) poliovirus ( serotype 1,2,3)
2) none
3) ingesting contaminated water( fecal-oral route)
4) none
5) lungs,pharynx,larynx,trachae,bronchi,
nose,tonsils,lymph nodes,small intestines,spinal cord

Question 8

Streptococcal pharyngitis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 8

1) group A streptococci (GAS) bacteria; streptococcus pyogenes
gram positive;
2) streptolysins ( cytotoxic), streptokinase ( enzymes); Erythrogenic toxin
3) respiratory secretions, unpasteurized milk
4) none
5) URT, inflammation of mucous membrane in throat

Question 9

Diphtheria

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 9

1) Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria- gram positive, nonendospore
2) exotoxins that interferes with protein synthesis
3) droplets, contact with cutaneous diphtheria
4) none
5) URT( upper respiratory tract); skin ( cutaneus diphtheria)

Question 10

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 10

1) Bordetella pertussus ( bacterium), aerobic, gram (-) coccobacillus
2) tracheal cytotoxin ( damage ciliated cell) and pertussin toxin ( enter bloodstream)
3) cough/sneezing; airborne, droplets,
4) none
5) mucus in respiratory system( lower respiratory)

Question 11

Tuberculosis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 11

1) bacterium myobacterium tuberculosis; mycobacterium bovis ( main pathogen in cattle)
2) none
3) inhalation of bacillus through cough ( airborne); inhalation
4) none
5) respiratory system, cardiovascular system,lymphatic system

Question 12

Hepatitis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organs are affected

Answer 12

1) virus; hep a ( picornaviridae) hep b( hepadnaviridae) hep c ( flaviviridae) hep d ( deltaviridae) hep e ( caliciviridae)
2) none
3) hep a ( ingestion) hep b( parenteral; sexual contact) hep c (parenteral) hep d ( parenteral; hep b infection) hep e ( ingestion)
4) none
5) digestice system ( liver, kidneys,spleen)

Question 13

Giardiasis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 13

1) giardia intestinalis/parasite
2) none
3) fecal-oral; drinking or eating contaminated food/water; contaminated pool
4) wild mammals ( beavers); water
5) digestive system + intestines; interferes food absorption

Question 14

Ascariasis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organs are affected

Answer 14

1) roundworm, ascaris lumbricoides; parasite; helminth
2) none
3) fecal-oral route
4) human/animals
5) digestive/respiratory; intestines, ducts of pancreas, gallbladder; lungs

Question 15

Salmonellosis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organs are affected

Answer 15

1) salmonella enterica; gram negative bacteria
2) infection ( endotoxin);typhoid toxin
3) fecal-oral route; lack of washing and contaminated food and water
4) intestinal tract of many animals; turtles and iguanas; chicken, turkey
5) digestive, lymphatic; intestines, skin, bloodstream

Question 16

Bacterial Meningitis

1) Causative agent (4)
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 16

1) H.influenzae; neisseria meningitidis; streptococcus pneumoniae; listeria monocytogenes
2) endotoxin ( only for meningococcal meningitis)
3) endogenous infection, aerosols; aerosols; aerosols; foodborne infection;sharing respiratory and throat secretions (saliva or spit) droplet
4) none
5) CNS ( brain/spinal cord)

Question 17

Candidiasis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 17

1) Candida Albicans ( fungi)
2) none
3) oral sex with person with a vaginal or penile yeast infection
4) human skin
5) mouth and oral cavity

Question 18

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 18

1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( Bacteria)
2) none
3) mom to baby during birth
4) none
5) eyes

Question 19

American Trypanosomiasis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 19

1) Trypanosoma cruzi ( Protozoan)
2) none
3) blood, bug
4) reduviid bug
5) heart, intestines

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 20

1) Toxoplasma gondii ( Protozoan)
2) none
3) eating raw meat/handing fecus and eating
4) grazing animals ( pigs,cow,sheep, cats)
5) all body cells ( mostly nervous/muscles tissue)

Question 21

Trachoma

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 21

1) Chlamydia Trachomatis (Bacteria)
2) none
3) contaminated towel, etc
4) bazaar flies, human eye
5) eyes

Question 22

Conjunctivitis

1) Causative agent
2) name of toxins
3) mode of transmission
4) any animal reserve or vector
5) which organ are affected

Answer 22

1) Bacterial conjunctivitis: Haemophilus, influenzae, staphylococcus ( Bacteria)
viral: adenoviruses
2) none
3) secretions
4) humans
5) eyes