Immunity

Question 1

what is active immunity?

Answer 1

when your body has acted itself to produce antibodies and memory cells

Question 2

example of natural active immunity

Answer 2

first exposure to pathogen

Question 3

what is passive immunity?

Answer 3

when another body has produced antibodies which are used in your body

Question 4

example of natural passive

Answer 4

breastfeeding a baby

the antibodies in the milk are produced by the mother’s immune system and are passed to the baby

Question 5

what is artificial passive immunity?

Answer 5

antibodies are formed in one individual, are extracted and then injected into the blood of another individual

this gives temporary immunity

Question 6

example of artificial passive immunity

Answer 6

tetanus antibodies are extracted from a horse and injected into the human bloodstream which stops the development of disease but only short-term immunity

Question 7

what is artificial active immunity?

Answer 7

when an immune response is stimulated by a stimulus which is injected into the blood

Question 8

what could a vaccine contain?

Answer 8

• killed bacteria/virus
• weak live bacteria/virus
• toxin molecules
• isolated antigens extracted from pathogen

Question 9

what is a pandemic?

Answer 9

when the same disease spreads rapidly across a number of countries and continents