immunisation

Question 1

who should an immunisation not be given to?

Answer 1

• acutely unwell
• had previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine
• live vaccinations should not be given to immunodeficient kids

Question 2

who gets immunised at birth and against what?

Answer 2

• Hep B and BCG for at risk infants

Question 3

what does the DTaP, IPV and HiB protect against?

Answer 3

• Diphtheria
• Tetanus
• Pertussis
• Polio
• Haemophilus influenza B

Question 4

what are the possible side effects of the DTaP/ HiB/ IPV vaccine?

what are rare complications? (3)

Answer 4

within 12-24 hours:

• swelling and redness
• fever
• d + v
• injection site papule
• irritability for 48 hours
• high fever
• febrile convulsions
• anaphylaxis

Question 5

what is given at 2 months?
3 months?
4 months?

Answer 5

• DTaP/ IPV/ Hib + pneumococcal
• DTaP/ IPV/ Hib + MenC
• DTaP/ IPV/ Hib + MenC + Pneumococcal

Question 6

what is given at 12 months?

13 months?

Answer 6

• Hib + MenC

- MMR + pneumococcal

Question 7

what is given at 3-5 years?

Answer 7

• DTaP/ IPV + MMR

Question 8

what is given in secondary school to everyone?

what about girls?

Answer 8

• Diphtheria, tetanus and IPV

- HPV

Question 9

what does the BCG protect against?

what kind of vaccine is it?

Answer 9

• TB
• given to babies in high risk areas of TB
• live attenuated
• papule forms and ulcerates

Question 10

what kind of vaccine is the MMR?

who should be advised against it?

what kind of side effects do you expect?

Answer 10

• live attenuated
• those allergic to eggs (grown on chick embryo)
• rash and fever 5-10 days later
• mild mumps 2 weeks later

Question 11

why do you get spasms in tetanus?

what are the three stages of whooping cough?

Answer 11

• neurotoxins produced by the organism
• catarrhal
• paroxysmal
• convalescent

Question 12

what are the signs of pertussis?

Answer 12

• paroxysms of coughing followed by a whoop (inspiratory effort against a narrowed glottis)
• vomiting
• dyspnoea
• seizures

Question 13

how can pertussis be confirmed?

what abx can be given, and when?

Answer 13

• nasopharyngeal culture
• erythromycin
• ineffective at the point the whoop is heard

Question 14

what are the symptoms of polio?

Answer 14

• mild febrile illness

- progresses to meningitis and paralysis

Question 15

what happens in measles?

Answer 15

• maculopapular rash
• fever
• coryza, cough, conjunctivitis (3C’s)
• complications include encephalitis

Question 16

what are the sequela of mumps?

Answer 16

• enlargement of parotid gland
• complications include aseptic meningitis, sensorineural deafness
• orchitis

Question 17

what is the test for TB?

Answer 17

• mantoux test